Kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Copper Reflection Electric Furnace Refining Technology

Lub equilibrium tas li ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog:
Lub cev tseem ceeb hauv cov kua tooj liab yog xim hlau tooj liab, nrog lub siab concentration. Vim lub impurity tsis tshua muaj, txawm tias impurities yog oxidized los ntawm Cu2O, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias [Cu] tseem tsis tau hloov pauv (xws li tas li). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim tias qhov solubility ntawm impurity oxide (MeO) nyob rau hauv cov kua tooj liab me me, nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag saturation, yog li feem ntau, thaum qhov kub thiab txias tsis tu ncua, [MeO] tuaj yeem suav tias yog tus nqi tas li. , yog li qhov sib npaug tsis tu ncua ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem qhia los ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no: K '=[Cu2O] [Me]
Tin. Thaum ua cov khoom siv tooj liab, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tin hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog siab, thiab cov tin thiab tooj liab yog sib koom ua ke thaum lawv ua kua. Tin yog oxidized nyob rau hauv reverberatory rauv los ua stannous oxide (SnO) thiab tin dioxide (SnO2). SnO tsis muaj zog alkaline, tuaj yeem tsim slag nrog SiO2, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau qee qhov tsis zoo. SnO2 tsis muaj zog acidic thiab soluble hauv cov kua tooj liab. Lub sijhawm no, cov kuab tshuaj alkaline (soda lossis limestone) yuav tsum tau ntxiv los ua kom nws slag, thiab lub qhov cub hluav taws xob tsim cov sodium stannate (Na2O · SnO2) lossis calcium stannate (CaO · SnO2) uas tsis yaj hauv cov kua tooj liab. Kev xyaum tau pom tias ntxiv cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke ntawm 30 feem pua ​​​​calcium oxide thiab 7{{10}}} feem pua ​​​​sodium carbonate tuaj yeem txo cov ntsiab lus tin hauv tooj liab los ntawm 0.029 feem pua ​​​​rau 0.002 feem pua. Kev siv cov flux sib xyaw uas muaj Fe2O3 thiab 50 feem pua ​​​​SiO2 kuj tuaj yeem txo cov ntsiab lus tin sai sai rau 0.005 feem pua ​​thiab tshem tawm qee cov hlau lead.
Arsenic. Los ntawm As? Daim duab Cu theem qhia tau hais tias arsenic thiab tooj liab yog sib koom ua ke hauv cov kua hauv lub xeev. Thaum lub sij hawm oxidation, arsenic yuav oxidized rau volatile As2O3, uas yog tawm nrog lub cub tawg roj. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho me me ntawm arsenic kuj tuaj yeem oxidized rau hauv As2O5 thiab tsim cov tooj liab arsenate (Cu2O · XAs2O5), uas yog soluble hauv cov kua tooj liab. Thaum nickel muaj nyob rau hauv cov kua tooj liab, arsenic tuaj yeem tsim cov nickel mica ua ke nrog tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee, uas ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab ntawm arsenic tshem tawm.
Antimony. Antimony thiab tooj liab yog infinitely miscible hauv cov kua hauv lub xeev, thiab tooj liab thiab antimony kuj tuaj yeem tsim Cu3Sb thiab Cu3Sb2. Zoo li arsenic, antimony kuj tsim cov volatile Sb2O3 thaum oxidation, thiab tseem tuaj yeem tsim Cu2O · Sb2O3 thiab Cu2O · Sb2O5 soluble hauv tooj liab kua. Yog li thaum cuam tshuam nrog tooj liab impurities nrog siab As thiab Sb cov ntsiab lus, cov txheej txheem oxidation thiab txo qis yuav tsum tau rov ua dua ob peb zaug, kom cov tsis hloov pauv As2O5 thiab Sb2O5 raug txo kom volatile As2O3 thiab Sb2O3, thiab cov tsis volatile As thiab Sb raug kho. nrog alkaline flux.
Kub thiab nyiaj. Kub thiab nyiaj yog tag nrho enriched nyob rau hauv anode tooj liab thiab nkag mus rau hauv anode slime thaum lub sij hawm electrolytic refining, uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv kho kom zoo.
Tom qab tag nrho cov impurities raug tshem tawm, lub sij hawm oxidation xaus thiab cov txheej txheem hloov mus rau lub sij hawm txo. Cov nyhuv ntawm kev txo qis yog txo cov oxidized tooj liab oxide rau hlau tooj liab, thiab tshem tawm cov roj yaj hauv cov kua tooj liab. Thaum kawg ntawm oxidation, tseem muaj txog 8 feem pua ​​​​Cu2O nyob rau hauv lub thawv rauv thiab cov kua tooj liab. Cov pa oxygen ntau dhau hauv tooj liab yuav ua rau tooj liab nkig, txo nws cov ductility thiab conductivity, thiab yog li yuav tsum txo qis. Thaum lub sijhawm txo qis, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb uas tshwm sim thaum siv roj hnyav, txiav ntoo, thiab lwm yam yog raws li hauv qab no: 6Cu2O ntxiv rau 2C2Hm=12Cu plus 2Co ntxiv rau mH2 ntxiv rau 2CO2
Thaum txo nrog NH3, cov kev tshwm sim hauv qab no tshwm sim: Cu2O ntxiv rau 2NH36Cu ntxiv rau N2 ntxiv rau 3H2O
Yog tias cov roj ntsha ntuj siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev txo qis, qhov hu ua "reforming" yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ntawm cov pa roj. Txwv tsis pub, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv methane CH4 nyob rau hauv cov roj ntuj decomposes ntawm 1000 degree los tsim ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm H2. Txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov txo qis, nws kuj tseem ua rau kom cov adsorption ntawm hydrogen los ntawm tooj liab.
Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (qhov twg K yog qhov tas li), cov ntsiab lus tsis huv hauv cov kua tooj liab yog inversely proportional rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm Cu2O. Qhov loj dua [Cu2O], qhov me dua [Me], qhia tias muaj tsawg dua unoxidized impurities nyob rau hauv cov kua tooj liab thiab qhov ua kom tiav cov hauj lwm zoo dua. Kev xyaum qhia tau hais tias kom sai thiab meej tshem tawm impurities los ntawm cov kua tooj liab, yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog cov txheej txheem oxidation, thiab lub cub hluav taws xob yuav tsum ua kom cov concentration ntawm Cu2O nyob rau hauv cov kua tooj liab mus txog lub saturated lub xeev.
Lub solubility ntawm Cu2O hauv cov kua tooj liab nce nrog nce kub:
Qhov kub thiab txias 1100115012001250
Solubility feem pua ​​58.312.413.1
Thaum lub solubility ntawm Cu2O tshaj solubility ntawm qhov kub no, cov yaj yuav muab faib ua ob txheej. Cov txheej hauv qab yog tooj liab kua saturated nrog Cu2O, thiab txheej sab sauv yog Cu2O theem saturated nrog tooj liab. Qhov kev sib raug zoo no tuaj yeem pom meej los ntawm Cu ¥ O system theem daim duab. Lub solubility hauv cov kua tooj liab nce me ntsis, thiab cov yaj ua rau txheej txheej, ua rau qee qhov Cu2O nkag mus rau txheej slag. Tsis tas li ntawd, oxidation ntau dhau ua rau cov txheej txheem txo qis thiab siv cov tshuaj txo qis dua. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj oxidation ntau dhau ntawm cov kua tooj liab, tubular hluav taws xob rauv yuav tsum tau khaws lub sijhawm oxidation ntawm 1150 ~ 1170 degree.
Thaum siv ib-theem txheej txheem los kho lwm yam tooj liab, nws yog feem ntau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub ruaj reverberatory rauv, yog li qhov tseeb, nws tsis yog tsuas yog smelting tab sis kuj refining nyob rau hauv reverberatory rauv.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus refining ntawm seem tooj liab reverberatory rauv yog qhov tseem ceeb tib yam li cov ore tooj liab pyrorefining. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo ntawm cov tooj liab nruab nrab (qee zaum txog 4 feem pua), kev ua haujlwm muaj nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Thaum cov seem tooj liab raug kho nyob rau hauv lub reverberatory rauv, tag nrho cov txheej txheem refining muaj xws li melting, oxidation, recycling, slag tshem tawm, casting thiab lwm yam hauj lwm. Lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho txoj haujlwm yog oxidation thiab txo qis. Cov hauv qab no feem ntau piav qhia txog oxidation thiab txo qis.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tooj liab oxide refining yog tias feem ntau impurities tam sim no nyob rau hauv tooj liab muaj affinity ntau dua rau oxygen dua tooj liab ua rau oxygen, thiab cov oxides ntawm impurities feem ntau muaj qis solubility hauv tooj liab kua. Yog li ntawd, thaum cua tshuab mus rau hauv lub yaj, impurities yog nyiam oxidized thiab tshem tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, tooj liab suav rau feem coob ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yaj, thiab cov impurity loj yog tsawg heev. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm oxidation, tooj liab yog thawj zaug oxidized.
4Cu plus O2=2Cu2O
Lub generated Cu2O tam sim ntawd yaj nyob rau hauv cov kua tooj liab thiab reacts nrog impurities nyob rau hauv lub tooj liab kua, ua impurities rau oxidize.
Hauv cov mis [Cu2O] ntxiv [Me]=2 [Cu] ntxiv (MeO), [] sawv cev rau qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj hauv cov kua tooj liab; () sawv cev rau qhov concentration ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub slag theem; Kuv yog hlau impurity.
Tus cwj pwm ntawm lub ntsiab impurities thaum lub sij hawm oxidation refining txheej txheem yog sau tseg raws li nram no:
Hlau. Lub affinity ntawm hlau rau oxygen yog ntau dua li ntawm tooj liab rau oxygen, yog li hlau yog yooj yim oxidized thiab tshem tawm los ntawm slagging. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation hlau yog ua raws li qhov sib npaug hauv qab no: Cu2O ntxiv rau Fe=2Cu plus FeO
Raws li kev kwv yees thermodynamic, hlau tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm mus txog 100000 qhov chaw thaum lub sijhawm ua kom zoo.
Nickel. Nickel yog ib qho impurity uas nyuaj rau tshem tawm. Nickel thiab tooj liab tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom sib tov. Txawm hais tias npib tsib xee yog oxidized ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv lub melting lub sij hawm thiab lub sij hawm oxidation, nws yog qeeb thiab tsis tiav, thiab NiO generated thaum lub sij hawm oxidation yog faib ntawm cov tooj liab kua thiab cov slag. NiO yaj nyob rau hauv lub slag yuav tsim NiO · Fe2O3 uas yog insoluble nyob rau hauv cov kua tooj liab tab sis soluble nyob rau hauv lub slag theem. Qhov no ntawm nickel tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm. Thermodynamic xam nyob rau hauv lub thawv rauv qhia tias thaum cov kua tooj liab muaj 16 feem pua ​​​​nickel, nickel tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm mus rau 0.25 feem pua.
Thaum cov kua tooj liab muaj cov nickel thiab arsenic thiab antimony, qhov kev tshem tawm cov npib tsib xee yog qhov nyuaj dua. Vim NiO yaj hauv cov kua tooj liab tuaj yeem tsim cov nickel mica (6Cu2O · 8NiO · 2As2O3 los yog 6Cu2O · 8NiO · 2Sb2O3) soluble hauv tooj liab kua nrog Cu, As, los yog Sb. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov nickel, tsuas yog alkaline flux ntxiv rau decompose nickel mica.
Zinc. Zinc thiab tooj liab yog tag nrho miscible nyob rau hauv cov kua hauv lub xeev, nrog ib tug boiling point ntawm 906 degree. Thaum lub sij hawm refining, feem ntau ntawm cov zinc evaporates nyob rau hauv metallic daim ntawv thaum lub sij hawm melting theem, thiab ces oxidized los ntawm oxygen nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg gas los ua ZnO, uas yog tawm nrog lub cub tawg roj thiab sau nyob rau hauv lub plua plav sau system. Cov zinc seem yog oxidized rau ZnO nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov theem ntawm oxidation, tsim zinc silicate (2ZnO · SiO2) thiab zinc ferrite (ZnO · Fe2O3) thiab nkag mus rau slag. Thaum ua kom tsis txhob siv cov ntaub ntawv liab nrog cov xim zoo nkauj (xws li daj qhov chaw kub me me yog nce thaum 1300 ~ 1350 degree), thiab a txheej ntawm charcoal los yog sulfur dawb coke hais yog them rau saum npoo ntawm cov yaj kom txo cov zinc oxide rau hlau zinc thiab volatilize, thiaj li tsis txhob tsim cov zinc oxide crusts uas cuam tshuam cov zinc evaporation txheej txheem.
Coj. Cov hlau lead yog insoluble nyob rau hauv tooj liab thiab tsis tshua yaj nyob rau hauv lub xeev cov kua. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sij hawm oxidation, thaum cov hlau lead yog oxidized rau cov hlau lead oxide, nws qhov ntom (9.2) yog siab tshaj ntawm tooj liab (8.9), yog li nws nyob ntawm lub cub tawg hauv qab. Yog li ntawd, yog hais tias nws yog ib tug acidic rauv hauv qab, PbO yuav hnov ​​​​mob nrog SiO2 nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg cov ntaub ntawv los tsim lead silicate (XPbO · YSiO) nrog tsawg ntom. Yog li ntab mus rau saum npoo ntawm lub pas dej molten thiab raug tshem tawm. Yog tias lub qhov cub hauv qab yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv alkaline refractory, nws nyuaj rau tshem tawm cov hlau lead. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, quartz flux yuav tsum tau tshuab mus rau hauv cov yaj kom ua rau huab cua txaus thiab tswj kom muaj qhov kub thiab txias (kwv yees li 1250 degree), tso cai rau PbO thiab SiO2 los ua thiab tsim cov hlau lead silicate. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv quartz slag tshem tawm cov hlau lead yuav siv sij hawm ntev thiab ua rau poob loj ntawm tooj liab slag. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov nyhuv tshem tawm cov hlau lead thiab kov yeej qhov tsis txaus ntawm txoj kev no, phosphorous tooj liab tuaj yeem ntxiv kom tshem tawm cov hlau lead hauv daim ntawv phosphate. Boron oxide kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov kua dej kom tshem tawm cov hlau lead hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hlau lead borate.

Cov ntsiab lus saum toj no yog tsim los ntawm Superb heater Company, super heater. Kev tsim khoom tseem ceeb: cov khoom siv cua sov, ntsuas kub, cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv, thiab cov khoom siv raw xws li tubular rhaub, tubular rhaub, siv cua sov, ceramic rhaub, silicone roj hmab rhaub, thermocouples, thiab lwm yam.

Zoo siab txais tos cov neeg koom tes hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb los tham txog kev koom tes!