Rau Titanium Heat Qws Ua Haujlwm hauv 30% Calcium Chloride Brine ntawm 100℃nrog Magnesium Impurity ntawm 2%, Dab tsi yog Qhov Siab Tshaj Lij Tshaj Tawm Dej Hardness (raws li CaCO₃) los tiv thaiv Preferential Magnesium Hydroxide Scaling?

Ntawm 100℃hauv 30% calcium chloride (CaCl 2) brine nrog 2% magnesium impurity (raws li MgCl 2), magnesium hydroxide (Mg (OH) 2) scales precipitate tshaj calcium carbonate los yog calcium sulfate. Magnesium hydroxide yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv solubility ntawm siab kub thiab ua ib tug nyuaj, adhering scale ntawm lub titanium rhaub. Cov nplai muaj cov thermal conductivity tsawg (1-2 W/mK) uas ua rau muaj cua sov hauv zos. Zuag qhia tag nrho hardness (raws li CaCO3) tso cai los tiv thaiv qhov kev xaiv ntawm magnesium hydroxide yog 200 ppm. Ntawm qhov teeb tsa no, qhov ntsuas tuab yog 0.2 hli hauv 500 teev thiab cov cua sov hloov pauv yog txo los ntawm 30-50%.

Preferential Magnesium Hydroxide Scale Formation Mechanism

At high temperature brine Mg2+ hydrolysis: Mg2+ + 2H2O ->Mg(OH)2 + 2H+. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog endothermic thiab qhov kub siab dua qhov nws ua sai dua. Qhov txo qis ntawm cov dej txhawb cov pH hauv zos ntawm cov titanium rhuab saum npoo, ntxiv cov nag lossis daus ntawm Mg (OH) 2. Calcium ions precipitate calcium carbonate thiab calcium sulfate nplai tab sis cov no tsis tshua muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab tuaj yeem tshem tau yooj yim dua. Yog hais tias cov dej hardness yog ntau tshaj 200 ppm, qhov ntsuas yog tsim los ntawm Mg (OH) 2 txawm tias 2% magnesium impurity. raws li qhov ntsuas tau nthuav dav, phaj-zoo li crystals interlock, tsim cov txheej tawv tawv.

Quantitative scale ntawm tsim piv rau dej hardness

Kev tshuaj xyuas hauv cov khoom siv hluavtaws (30% CaCl2, 2% MgCl2, 100 degree) dhau 500 teev nrog ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm tag nrho cov tawv tawv (qhia raws li ppm CaCO3) tau tsim cov hauv qab no. Scale thickness 10-30 µm Scale calcium carbonate nrog tsawg Mg (OH) 2 Kev tshem tawm ua tiav los ntawm kev ntxuav cov kua qaub Thaum tshav kub kub txo 5-15% Hardness < 100 ppm Ntawm 100-200 ppm hardness scale thickness yog 30-70 µm, nplai yog tov, H carbonate thiab MAAs sib tov thiab kub hloov pauv yog 15-30% . 200-300 ppm Qhov tseem ceeb threshold Scale thickness 60-120 µm Scale hom Mg (OH) 2 dominant, siab adherence Tshem Tawm Mechanical scraping Thaum tshav kub kub hloov pauv txo 25-45% Ntawm hardness ntawm 300-500 µm thickness yog 100 ppm. hydroxide, nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev rau tshem tawm, txo ntawm tshav kub kis yog 40-60%. Yog tias qhov concentration siab dua 500 ppm, qhov ntsuas qhov tuab yog ntau tshaj 200 μm, qhov ntsuas loj tshwm sim, thiab qhov txo qis hauv kev hloov hluav taws xob ntau dua 60%.

Cov nyhuv ntawm Magnesium Concentration thiab Kub ntawm Hardness Tolerance

Qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai dej hardness txo nrog nce magnesium concentration. Rau 0.1 hli nplai thiab 1% magnesium impurity, kam txais hardness yog 300 ppm. Qhov tso cai hardness mus rau 200 ppm ntawm 2% magnesium. Ntawm 3% magnesium qhov tso cai hardness txo mus rau 150 ppm. Nyob rau ntawm 5% magnesium qhov tso cai hardness tsuas yog 80ppm. Kub kuj cuam tshuam qhov pib nrog kev tso cai hardness ntawm 2% magnesium yog 350 ppm ntawm 80 degree. Tso cai hardness ntawm 100℃C yog 200 ppm . 120 ppm yog OK hardness ntawm 120 Deg C nyob rau hauv siab. Qhov tso cai hardness ntawm 140℃yog 80 ppm.

Tswj Dej Hardness hauv Magnesium-Kalcium Chloride Brine: Phau Ntawv Qhia

Cov lus hauv qab no qhia tau hais tias qhov kev pom zoo siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov dej hardness rau 30% CaCl2 brine nrog 2% magnesium impurity ntawm 100 degree. Cov lus pom zoo yog ua raws li qhov xav tau teev thickness thiab tu zaus.

Xav tau Scale Thickness Tom qab 500 Teev (µm) Qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai dej Hardness (ppm CaCO₃) Scale Composition Pom Zoo Txoj Kev Tu<30 (low scaling) <100 Calcium carbonate Acid cleaning (5% HCl) 30–70 (moderate) 100–200 Mixed carbonate/Mg(OH)₂ Acid + brushing 70–120 (high) 200–250 Mg(OH)₂ dominant Mechanical scraping >120 (severe) >250 Hard Mg (OH) ₂ Tsis pom zoo Engineering Beyond Water Hardness Control

Qib titanium muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis ntawm kev txhim kho nplai; Txawm li cas los xij, Qib 7 muaj qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws rau hauv qab - nplai corrosion. Phab ntsa thickness muab kev hloov pauv cua sov; 2.0 hli phab ntsa nrog 0.3 hli nplai tau tsawg dua tab sis tseem siv tau cov cua sov xa mus. Electropolished nto (Ra < 0.3 µm) txo qhov ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo thiab pab tshem tawm. Polyacrylates thiab phosphonates yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo rau calcium carbonate, tab sis tsis zoo rau magnesium hydroxide. Lub pH ntawm brine yuav tsum tau khaws cia qis dua 7.5, vim tias pH siab dua ua kom cov nag lossis daus ntawm Mg (OH) ₂. Periodic acid tu los ntawm 5% hydrochloric acid ntawm 50℃rau 2 teev tuaj yeem yaj calcium carbonate nplai, tab sis Mg (OH) 2 tsis yooj yim yaj.

Ua kom muaj kev paub zoo -cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb

Tag nrho cov hardness ntawm dej yuav tsum tsawg tshaj li 100 ppm nyob rau hauv 30% calcium chloride brine ntawm 100℃nrog 2% magnesium impurity kom tsis txhob nyiam scaling ntawm magnesium hydroxide rau ib tug titanium tshav kub pas nrig. Siv dej softened rau brine ua-up. Xyuas hardness txhua lub lim tiam los ntawm titration. Yog hais tias lub hardness siab tshaj 200 ppm, precipitate magnesium los ntawm kev nce pH mus rau 9.5 nrog txiv qaub thiab lim ua ntej rov qab mus rau qhov kev pab cuam. Rau cov cua sov uas twb muaj lawm nrog Mg (OH) 2 nplai, siv 10% citric acid ntawm 70℃rau 4 teev ua raws li kev txhuam hniav. Adherent magnesium hydroxide scale tsis tsim los txo cov cua sov hloov thiab ua rau hauv cheeb tsam overheating los ntawm kev tswj cov dej hardness tsawg dua 200 ppm.