Rau Titanium Sheath rhaub uas muaj qee zaus qhuav-Tawm (10 feeb hauv ib lub lis piam) Hauv 5% Sulfuric Acid Tank, Dab tsi yog Qhov Ntau Tshaj Ntawm Qhov Qhuav -Tom Tawm Ua Ntej Oxide Spalls Thiab Tube Thins Ntau dhau?
Tso lus
In 5% sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) at 80°C, titanium relies on a passive oxide film for protection. Occasional dry-out-when the liquid level drops below the heater-exposes the hot titanium to air. The rapid temperature rise (from 80°C to >200 degree) ua rau thermal expansion mismatch ntawm oxide nplai thiab hlau, ua rau spalling. Txhua qhov qhuav- tawm qhov tshwm sim tshem tawm ib txheej nyias ntawm oxide thiab qee cov hlau hauv paus. Tom qab kwv yees li 50 qhuav-tawm txheej xwm, cumulative thinning nce mus txog 0.1-0.2 hli; Tom qab 200 txheej xwm, perforation ntawm 1.2 hli phab ntsa yuav tshwm sim.
Quantitative Thinning vs. Qhuav-Tawm Txheej xwm
Rau Qib 2 titanium hauv 5% H₂SO₄ ntawm 80 degree, 10-feeb qhuav-tawm feeb:
| Qhuav-Tawm txheej xwm | Cov hlau poob (mm) | Phab ntsa seem (1.2 hli pib) | Oxide Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 1.20 | Tsis muaj tseeb |
| 10 | 0.02–0.05 | 1.15–1.18 | Me me spalling |
| 25 | 0.05–0.10 | 1.10–1.15 | Nruab nrab spalling |
| 50 | 0.10–0.20 | 1.00–1.10 | Qhov tseem ceeb thinning |
| 100 | 0.20–0.40 | 0.80–1.00 | Nyuaj hnyav |
| 200 | 0.40–0.80 | 0.40–0.80 | Risk ntawm perforation |
| 500 | 1.00–2.00 | Perforated | Ua tsis tiav |
Cov nyhuv ntawm Acid Concentration thiab Qhuav -Tawm Sij Hawm
| H₂SO₄ Concentration (%) | Qhuav-Tawm Sijhawm (feeb) | Hlau poob ib qhov xwm txheej (µm) | Txheej xwm mus rau 0.5 mm Loss |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 5 | 2–4 | 125–250 |
| 5 | 10 | 4–8 | 60–125 |
| 5 | 30 | 8–15 | 30–60 |
| 10 | 10 | 6–12 | 40–80 |
| 20 | 10 | 10–20 | 25–50 |
Qhuav-Tawm Kev Qhia Qhia
| Cia siab tias qhuav-Tawm Txheej xwm ib xyoos | Qhov siab tshaj plaws pub rau ib xyoos | Pom zoo ua |
|---|---|---|
| <10 | 50 (5 xyoos) | Txais tau |
| 10–25 | 50 (2-5 xyoos) | Ntxiv lub tswb qis- theem |
| 25–50 | 50 (1-2 xyoos) | Nruab tsis siv neeg refill |
| >50 | Tsis tau | Hloov kho lub tank qib tswj |
Kev pom zoo engineering
Rau cov tso tsheb hlau luam sulfuric acid nrog qee zaus qhuav- tawm, txwv kev qhuav qhuav- tawm cov xwm txheej rau 50 ua ntej hloov lub rhaub. Nruab ib lub tswb qis- theem qis ntawm 20% siab tshaj qhov siab ntawm lub rhaub kom tsis txhob qhuav- tawm. Los ntawm kev tswj kom qhuav- tawm zaus, tus kws tshaj lij tiv thaiv oxide spalling thiab ntau thinning.
