Daim Ntawv Qhia Tag Nrho Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj Daim Ntawv Teev Npe Daim Ntawv Txuas: Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb rau Plaub Hom Fermentation Tank Anti-Corrosion Heating Tubes

Daim Ntawv Qhia Tag Nrho Cov Ntawv Teev Npe Daim Ntawv Teev Npe Daim Ntawv Txuas: Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb rau Plaub Hom Fermentation Tank Anti-Corrosion Heating Tubes ## Tshooj 1 General Overview & Application Scope ### 1.1 Cov Hom Phiaj Cov ntsiab lus no yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib tw pej xeem rau fermentation tank cua sov thiab kho dua tshiab. Nws koom ua ke cov qauv raw khoom, kev siv thev naus laus zis, kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo, kev lees paub kev xa khoom, kev sib txuam, tom qab- kev muag khoom, thiab GMP cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau 316L stainless hlau, ntshiab titanium, quartz, thiab PFA coated cua sov raj. Txhua tus neeg sib tw yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus teev tseg hauv qab no; ib qho kev tsis ua raws li cov qauv kev qhia yuav ua rau tsis muaj kev sib tw thiab kev tshem tawm tom qab ntawm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas. ### 1.2 General Design Working Conditions - Tsim kev ua haujlwm siab: 0.3–0.6 MPa - Kev khiav hauj lwm qhov kub thiab txias: 20–90℃- CIP ntxuav nruab nrab: Dilute alkali, dilute acid, nruab nrab sterile dej, qis-concentration hydrogen perarmable 10000000 nbsp; sterile fermentation, zaub mov tsis yog{18}}sterile fermentation, tshuaj intermediate npaj, thiab kuaj lub tank - Yuav tsum tsim kom muaj: Nruab nrog interlock linkage interface uas phim lub Hoobkas PLC saib xyuas, CIP tsis siv neeg tu, thiab online nrhiav kom tau cov tshuab ### 1.3 Bidder Qualification Basic kev cai lij choj ntawm peb lub xyoo dhau los ntawm 1. kev lag luam fermentation; tsawg kawg yog peb qhov kev cog lus ua haujlwm fermentation uas tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv ob xyoos dhau los. 2. Muaj cov kab ntau lawm uas muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li cov cua kub raj hom kev sib tw; tus neeg sib tw txwv tsis pub thib peb -OEM outsourcing yam tsis tau sau ntawv lees paub ua ntej. 3. Khaws daim ntawv pov thawj kev ua raws li ib puag ncig zoo rau kev pov tseg cov pov tseg pov tseg, nrog rau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsim PFA fluoroplastic pov tseg thiab titanium fluorine -muaj cov pov tseg {{26} kev tshaj lij engineers ntawm -Kev taw qhia kev teeb tsa ntawm qhov chaw, kev teeb tsa cov khoom siv, thiab kev cob qhia tus neeg ua haujlwm yuav raug nrog los ntawm kev muab cov ntawv pov thawj kev cob qhia kev lag luam. Tshooj 2: Sib Cais Yuav Tsum Ua Raws Li Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm los ntawm Cov Cuab Yeej Cuab Yeej Hom ### 2.1 Kev Qhia Tshwj Xeeb rau 316L Stainless Steel Heating Tubes #### 2.1.1 Raw Material Standard Base Pipe: Seamless 316L stainless hlau raj; muab thawj daim ntawv pov thawj zeb xeem (MTC) thiab batch spectral tivthaiv tsom xam daim ntawv qhia. Lub vuam hlau yuav tsum sib haum nrog 316L puag khoom. Mixed carbon steel accessories raug txwv; tag nrho cov flanges, txuas cov kav dej, thiab cov yeeb nkab fittings yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm homogeneous 316L stainless hlau. Rau kev ua haujlwm ntev - lub sijhawm fermentation, nws yog txwv tsis pub siv cov roj hmab zoo tib yam los yog khoom noj khoom haus - qib PTFE gaskets li sealing gaskets. Cov phab ntsa hauv zos thinning uas ntau tshaj 10% ntawm nominal thickness yog tsis lees paub, nrog rau phab ntsa thickness kam rau ua ntawm ± 5%. #### 2.1.2 Welding and Processing Standards 1. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv sab hauv oxidation thiab intergranular corrosion, tag nrho cov pob tw thiab ceg welds raug rau tag nrho argon rov qab tiv thaiv vuam . 2. Kom ua tiav ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm arc tsis muaj pits, undercuts, kab nrib pleb, thiab dub oxide txheej, ua tiav 4 welded {8} hauv zos polishing {8} pickling thiab passivation rau txhua qhov chaw vuam; Ib qho kev pickling-passivation kev kho mob rau tag nrho lub raj pob los tsim cov nyiaj tsis zoo-grey chromium-nplua nuj passive zaj duab xis. 4. cais tawm ntawm cov pa roj carbon steel ua qhov chaw los tiv thaiv kev sib kis, ib qho kev cob qhia stainless hlau ua haujlwm. #### 2.1.3 Performance Index Mandatory Limits - Qhov chaw nyab xeeb lub zog ntom ntom yog 1.0–1.5 W / cm², thiab PLC lub hwj chim sab sauv txwv kev kaw haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm. - Kev ntsuas hydraulic nruj: Tswj 1.2 npaug ntawm kev tsim siab rau 30 feeb yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam hws los yog Allika {6} qhov pib: Tsis siv neeg cua sov fais fab txiav-tawm thiab ob lub suab- lub tswb nrov ntawm 60℃alkaline kua kub. - Tus qauv yam tsawg kawg nkaus rau lub raj ntim khoom inclination yog 12℃. Lub koom haum tso pa tawm yuav tsum tau tshwj tseg ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm txhua pab pawg ntawm cov cua sov raj. #### 2.1.4 Txhawb Nqa Ua tiav Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Xa Khoom Lub raj ntim lub cev, sib txuam stainless hlau flanges, PTFE cais gaskets, cov ceg ntoo cov yeeb nkab fittings, offline passivation auxiliary brackets, ultrasonic phab ntsa thickness kuaj auxiliary fixtures, alkali kub interlock sensors, installation drawings, daim ntawv pov thawj kev ua haujlwm tag nrho ntawm cov khoom siv raw, thiab daim ntawv pov thawj. #### 2.2 Technical Specification rau Qib 2 Ntshiab Titanium Cua Kub Tubes #### 2.2.1 Raw Material Standard Base yeeb nkab: Qib 2 seamless ntshiab titanium raj; muab daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm titanium ingot Hoobkas tshuaj xyuas thiab cov hlau muaj pes tsawg leeg kuaj daim ntawv qhia. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj lub tsev khaws khoom qhuav qhuav uas tsis muaj fluorine. Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos yuav tsum tsis txhob kov nrog cov tshuaj fluoride. Nylon slings rau hoisting yog cov qauv xa khoom, thiab tag nrho cov khoom siv sib tiv tauj yog cov khoom noj khoom haus - qib thickened PTFE khoom. #### 2.2.2 Welding and Processing Standards 1. Sib cais los ntawm carbon steel txiav thiab vuam cov cuab yeej los tiv thaiv hlau impurity cross-kev sib kis, titanium ua rhiav yog ib qho kev ywj pheej, muaj kev mob siab rau. 2. Mos, tsis yog -cov cuab yeej hlau polishing yog sib sib zog nqus 7} cov yeeb nkab ua haujlwm, thiab cov khoom siv sib sib zog nqus (86}} cov yeeb nkab polishing) argon puv -shield welding yog ua hauj lwm los tiv thaiv weld overheating discoloration. 3. PTFE cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau siv los encapsulate tag nrho cov fixtures uas tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog semi-cov khoom titanium tiav. Cov khoom tiav lawm yuav tsum tsis muaj cov tshuaj fluoride tso tawm cov khoom seem lossis cov kua mis dawb etching. #### 2.2.3 Performance Index Mandatory Limits - Qhov saum npoo electrochemical muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom tiav cov raj yuav tsum nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim nyog raws li tau txiav txim siab los ntawm 100% kev soj ntsuam tag nrho. - Kev ntsuas hydraulic nruj: Tswj lub siab ntawm 1.2 npaug ntawm qhov tsim siab rau 30 feeb {9 feeb tsis muaj qhov xau Cov cuab yeej aeration yuav tsum tau pib pib thaum lub sij hawm ntxuav kom huv si kom paub meej tias cov pa oxygen yaj hauv cov dej ntws yog tsawg kawg yog 8 mg / L. Lub raj xa dej pub fluoride yog nruab nrog ob lub tshuab ua haujlwm sib cuam tshuam uas yuav pib ua tiav kev kaw ntawm cov cua sov thiab cov txheej txheem pub mis thaum kuaj pom cov tshuaj fluoride. #### 2.2.4 Kev Txhawb Nqa Cov Txheej Txheem Ua tiav Cov Ntshiab titanium raj pob, ib qho PTFE lub tes tsho cais thiab flange gaskets, nylon hoisting slings, CIP aeration los ua ke, fluoride online sampling detection interface Cheebtsam, muaj peev xwm kuaj cov cuab yeej pabcuam, kev teeb tsa, kev tsim kho thiab kev hloov pauv cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj xyuas, thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj raw khoom. ### 2.3 Technical Specification for Quartz Anti-Corrosion Heating Tubes #### 2.3.1 Raw Material Standard High{108}}purity fused quartz ingot yog cov khoom siv raw; yuav tsum tau ib daim ntawv qhia txog impurity Cheebtsam kuaj. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tsis zoo ntawm khawb qhov puas, cov khoom siv raw khoom yog ua nyob rau hauv cov hmoov av{110}}dawb, tas li{111}} qhov kub thiab txias warehouse. Independent batch naj npawb traceability cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg rau txhua quartz ingot. #### 2.3.2 Cov Qauv Txheej Txheem 1. Tom qab cov xov ua tiav thiab txiav, lub raj quartz tau dhau mus tas li -kev kho qhov kub thiab txias kom txo qhov kev ntxhov siab hauv thermal. 2. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov xov ntug chipping thiab zais microcracks, pob zeb diamond mos txiav cov cuab yeej yog 1 cov khoom siv ua tiav { ntim rau hauv cov rooj ntoo shockproof uas yog lined nrog mos npuas filling thiab qhwv nyob rau hauv tuab npuas qhwv. #### 2.3.3 Performance Index Mandatory Limits 1. Cov khoom tiav yog tsis muaj qhov tsis lees paub yog tias lawv pom cov npuas sab hauv, nkag mus rau microcracks, lossis nto frosting, raws li tau txiav txim los ntawm 100% lub teeb kis tshuaj ntsuam xyuas . 2. PLC nyuaj txwv kev cuam tshuam yog siv los tswj cov cua sov hauv qab no ² / 6 dens. txwv tsis pub tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.4℃/ min. 3. Alkali pipeline mechanical hard interlock: Yog tias qhov kev sib cuam tshuam tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov kua alkaline los ntawm kev nkag mus rau lub voj voog cua sov quartz, lub tswb yuav tshwm sim thiab alkali mov valve yuav raug kaw. 4. Lub twj tso kua mis ntws los ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm 6 m. mitigate kua cuam tshuam kev co{129}} Tsawg- kev ntsuas dej nruj: Kev sib txuas tsis tu ncua rau 20 feeb yam tsis muaj qhov xau ntawm cov xov sib khi. #### 2.3.4 Txhawb Nqa Ua tiav Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Xa Khoom Cov khoom siv suav nrog ib qho quartz raj pob, ntau- txheej tuab roj hmab poob siab nqus gaskets, yas xov mos tiv thaiv lub kaus mom, lub teeb kis tau tus mob tawg tshuaj xyuas cov cuab yeej, tiv thaiv -txiav fragment kaw kaw cia chim, alkaliperature 6 contraindications, alkalitemperature; cua sov maub los, kev teeb tsa tiv thaiv- phau ntawv qhia kev vibration transformation, tag nrho lub teeb kis tshuaj xyuas cov duab thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj cov khoom siv raw. ### 2.4 Technical Specification for PFA Coated Heaters #### 2.4.1 Raw Material Standard Base yeeb nkab: Seamless carbon steel yeeb nkab nrog cov phab ntsa tuab; zaub mov- qib ib qho molding PFA fluoroplastic txheej raw cov ntaub ntawv, muab cov ntaub ntawv rau txheej tuab thiab siab - daim ntawv pov thawj kev ntsuas kub. Kev xa khoom ntawm cov khoom siv kho mob thib ob yog txwv tsis pub. High - qhov kub ntawm qhov kub thiab txias oxidant cia chaw yuav tsum raug cais tawm ntawm fluoroplastic raw khoom warehouse. #### 2.4.2 Cov Qauv Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem 1. Lub tshuab ua tiav ua ntej- kev kho cov kab ntau lawm yog siv los xyuas kom meej qhov adhesion ntawm txheej los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov substrate corrosion, degreasing, thiab ua kom lub ntsej muag . 2. Tsis tas yuav tsum tau kho lwm yam; txheej txheej thickness tsis muaj pinholes, hlwv, los yog tsis xwm yeem thickness; ib qho -lub sij hawm ib qho txheej txheem txheej txheej molding. 3. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev laus ntxov ntxov thiab kev ntxhov siab sab hauv hauv txheej txheej, qhov kub thiab txias yog ua tib zoo saib xyuas hauv cov khoom siv. Cov ntaub ntawv yas mos yog ua haujlwm rau hauv txhua qhov kev sib dhos kom tsis txhob khawb ntawm cov txheej txheem uas tsis tau kho. #### 2.4.3 Performance Index Mandatory Limits 1. Tsis siv neeg lub hwj chim-tawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm 95℃nruab nrab kub: Ntev-lub sij hawm kev nyab xeeb kev khiav hauj lwm kub sab sauv txwv interlock. 2. Yuav tsum tau ncej- siab- kub tu yog 50 feeb {{16} kev ua haujlwm txias tsis tau manually. 3. Lub raj xa dej pem hauv ntej- kawg ntau-theem precision khoom particle lim yog tsim los cuam tshuam nyuaj abrasive impurities raws li tus qauv. 4. Cov khoom tiav nrog cov khawb khawb uas nthuav tawm cov hlau substrate raug tso tseg; txheej adhesion sampling tev kuaj yam tsis muaj loj- cheeb tsam flaking tawm ntawm substrate.. #### 2.4.4 Txhawb kom tiav Set Delivery Scope Cov khoom hauv qab no suav nrog hauv qhov kev xa khoom: lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm PFA-coated heater, kub sib cuam tshuam maub los, lub zog ua kom txias 17 lim dej ua ntej kev sib txuas}, cov cuab yeej kho dua tshiab ntawm cov yas mos, cov yas ntsaws ntsaws ntsaws rau hauv cov kav xa dej, kev teeb tsa debugging kos duab, cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj xyuas txheej txheej, cov khoom siv raw khoom- ntawv pov thawj qib, thiab cov ntawv qhia kev laus simulation. ### Tshooj 3: Unified Incoming Acceptance Test Clauses uas siv rau txhua yam 1. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas zoo li qub hydraulic nruj yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua tag nrho -batch sampling soj ntsuam cov khoom, nrog rau qhov piv txwv tsawg kawg yog 10% rau txhua tus xa khoom batch . 2. Tag nrho cov tub ntxhais kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov kav dej sib txuas, qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov ntsuas kub, qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm 179. Kev cais tawm) yuav tsum tau sim simulation uas tau soj ntsuam los ntawm tus neeg sib tw tus engineer thaum lawv tuaj txog . 3. Tag nrho cov kev soj ntsuam pom ntawm lub raj ntim rau qhov tsis xws luag; tag nrho cov duab xeem yuav tsum raug ntes thiab khaws cia ua cov ntaub ntawv txhawb nqa rau GMP kev tshuaj xyuas. 4. Yog tias qhov ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb tsis raug lees txais tom qab ob qhov rov ua haujlwm, tag nrho cov qauv yuav raug xa rov qab, thiab tus neeg sib tw yuav yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib tw kev thauj mus los, kev sim, thiab kev tsim khoom qeeb . 5. Cov ntawv lees paub zoo li qub tau ua raws li 7 qhov kev ua haujlwm tas mus li } qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov nruab nrab {{182} pawg. Qhov kev lees txais zaum kawg yog kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov yam tsis muaj lub tswb txawv txav. Kev Sib Tham Cov Kev Xav Tau rau Kev Txhim Kho thiab Kev Txhim Kho hauv Tshooj Lus 4 1. Tus neeg sib tw yuav tsum tau muab cov ntaub ntawv nthuav qhia kev tshaj tawm thiab ntawm -cov lus qhia kev tsim kho qhov chaw, nrog rau kom paub meej cov qauv kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov kav dej sib txuas, kev sib cais, kev sib txuas, thiab kev sib txuas lus sib txuas tag nrho yuav tsum muaj kev txhawb nqa hluav taws xob sib txuas, thiab kev sib txuas lus sib txuas, thiab kev sib txuas lus txhua qhov kev sib txuas lus yuav tsum tau ua; ua tau raws li tus neeg sib tw lub Hoobkas tam sim no PLC thiab CIP tsis siv neeg tu qhov system, yam tsis muaj kev sib tw ua rau muaj tus nqi hloov pauv ntxiv . 3. Cov ntaub ntawv xa khoom yuav tsum suav nrog cov phiaj xwm kev teeb tsa rau qhov chaw kho dua tshiab txhawm rau pab txhawb kev tshawb xyuas offline yav tom ntej, disassembly, thiab kev saib xyuas . 4. Tus neeg sib tw yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav {9 qhov kev lees paub ua ntej kev xeem thiab xa cov ntawv qhia txog kev lees txais mus rau tus neeg sib tw lub chaw tswj xyuas cov khoom siv rau kev xa tawm tom qab kev teeb tsa thiab kev kho dua tshiab tau ua tiav. ## Tshooj 5 Yam Yuav Tsum Tau Ua rau Tom Qab-Kev Pabcuam Muag thiab Warranty 1. Lub sijhawm lav tus qauv yog raws li hauv qab no: 12 lub hlis rau 316L stainless hlau, 18 lub hlis rau cov titanium ntshiab, 6 lub hlis rau quartz (tsis suav nrog kev puas tsuaj los ntawm thermal shock, vibration, thiab alkali misoperation), thiab {2{2} lub hlis rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm alkali tsis zoo, thiab cov khoom siv alkali tsis zoo txheej puas los ntawm ntau tshaj -kub thiab abrasive particle scouring). 2. Tus neeg sib tw yog lub luag haujlwm them nyiaj rau tag nrho cov fermentation batch poob thiab nres poob uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis zoo uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab kev siv tshuab hauv lub sijhawm lav. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev hloov pauv pub dawb thiab rov ua dua tshiab tau muab rau. 3. Cov khoom seem muab kev cog lus: Ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom siv sib cais sib cais, cov sensors, cov khoom siv damping, thiab lim cartridges tsawg kawg 10 xyoo tom qab xa khoom. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom seem yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj tus nqi sib tw ntawm cov khoom txhawb nqa tib yam . 4. Qhia rau ntawm - qhov chaw teb: Npaj rau cov kws tshaj lij engineers tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw tsim khoom rau kev daws teeb meem thiab kho tsis pub dhau 24 teev tom qab tau txais daim ntawv ceeb toom tsis ua haujlwm rau cov haujlwm hauv tsev. 5. Kev cob qhia pub dawb: Muab kev cob qhia ib zaug rau ib zaug {{2} thiab cov neeg siv khoom siv uas suav nrog kev ua tiav cov phiaj xwm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, kev saib xyuas niaj hnub, kev txiav txim txhaum cai, thiab kev saib xyuas txhua hnub. ## Tshooj 6 GMP Ua tiav Cov Ntaub Ntawv Xa Khoom Yuav Tsum Tau Ua Tus neeg sib tw yuav tsum muab cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia ua tiav hauv ob daim ntawv thiab hluav taws xob dual-version tom qab xa thiab lees txais cov ntaub ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav suav nrog cov hauv qab no: 1. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm lub Hoobkas raw khoom, batch tivthaiv cov ntaub ntawv ntsuam xyuas, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntau lawm batch traceability; 2. Rhiav ib puag ncig kev tswj cov ntaub ntawv, welder / tus neeg ua haujlwm daim ntawv pov thawj tsim nyog, thiab tag nrho - txheej txheem cov txheej txheem tsim khoom; 3. Cov ntaub ntawv soj ntsuam tag nrho cov khoom tiav, kuaj cov duab, hydraulic siab, kev sib txuas sib txuas, thiab cov ntawv qhia txog kev ua haujlwm; 4. Kev teeb tsa kev hloov pauv kev tsim kho cov ntaub ntawv, cuam tshuam cov ntaub ntawv debugging, thiab tom qab- daim ntawv lees txais kev teeb tsa; 5. Kev tswj xyuas cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm (SOP), cov qauv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv txhua xyoo, thiab phau ntawv qhia kev daws teeb meem txhaum cai; 6. Kev pov tseg cov ntaub ntawv qhia kev pov tseg, cov txheej txheem pov tseg pov tseg pov tseg, thiab tag nrho -lub neej- daim ntawv qhia txog tus nqi siv nyiaj. Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm GMP, tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau tsawg kawg tsib xyoos tom qab kev tshem cov khoom siv. ## Tshooj 7 Kev nplua thiab kev lav phib xaub rau Tsis yog{239}}Kev Ua Raws Cai 1. Tus neeg sib tw muaj cai tsis lees txais tag nrho cov khoom, txiav tawm tag nrho cov nyiaj tuav pov hwm zoo, thiab thov cov nyiaj puas tsuaj sib npaug li 20% ntawm daim ntawv cog lus. Qhov no suav nrog kev hloov cov khoom siv, kev txiav cov kaum sab xis, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj xyuas tsis tseeb. 2. Yog tias cov khoom siv txhawb nqa thiab GMP cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug xa mus rau tag nrho raws li tau teev tseg, qhov nyiaj tshuav yuav raug ncua mus txog thaum tag nrho cov khoom siv ntxiv tau xa tuaj. Qhov kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom xa tuaj qeeb yuav raug xam ntawm 0.5% ntawm daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau ib hnub. 3. Tsis ua tiav ntawm -site tom qab- muag thiab cov luag num pub dawb raws li kev pom zoo: Tus neeg sib tw muaj txoj cai tshem tawm cov kev sib koom ua lag luam txuas ntxiv tom ntej kev sib tw kev sib tw 4} kev puas tsuaj raws li 2% 2% kev cog lus bidder yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov nyiaj txiag them nyiaj ntawm tag nrho cov raw khoom poob, kev ua hauj lwm poob, thiab ntau lawm qeeb uas tshwm sim los ntawm tsis zoo tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv lub warranty lub sij hawm uas ua rau lub lag luam kaw thiab nruab nrab scrapping. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm kev sib tw cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas ntau lawm. ## Tshooj 8 Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo Ntxiv 1. Cov nqe lus sib tw ua lag luam yuav tsum tau hloov pauv los ntawm txhua tus qauv kev qhia tshwj xeeb hauv daim ntawv txuas no; ib qho kev cog lus ntawm qhov ncauj los ntawm tus neeg sib tw uas tsis muaj daim ntawv sau npe ntxiv yog suav tias yog qhov tsis siv tau. 2. Yog tias cov khoom lag luam tsis ua raws li tus qauv, tus neeg sib tw muaj txoj cai los npaj rau kev kuaj random rov-kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom tiav los ntawm thib peb- tog chaw kuaj cov kws tshaj lij txhua lub sijhawm ua ntej thiab tom qab xa khoom. Tus neeg sib tw yog lub luag haujlwm rau tag nrho cov nqi xeem. 3. Tus neeg sib tw yuav tsum xa cov phiaj xwm kev ua haujlwm tau zoo tshaj plaws raws li cov ntaub ntawv sib tw ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, xws li 24- teev tas mus li cov khoom ntim tas li, cov tshuaj chloride siab, thiab cov tshuaj fluoride-muaj nruab nrab.