Kev phom sij ntawm ntau cov chloride Ions rau plaub hom Fermentation Cua Kub Tubes

# Kev phom sij ntawm cov tshuaj chloride ntau dhau hauv plaub hom Fermentation Cua Kub Tubes Chloride ions tam sim no muaj ntau hauv cov txheej txheem dej, kab lis kev cai nruab nrab, thiab tshuaj ntxuav. Chloride ions yuav nkag mus rau cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv, pib pitting corrosion los yog indirect substrate rusting, thiab txo cov kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm cov cua sov raj thaum lawv cov concentration tshaj qhov chaw nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv raj. Cov lus hauv qab no npaj cov kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev nyab xeeb, cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv corrosion, kev ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm, thiab cov phiaj xwm tswj kev daws teeb meem rau txhua yam khoom siv.|Cua sov Tube Khoom|Ntev -Lub Sij Hawm Muaj Kev Nyab Xeeb Chloride Txwv|Core Corrosion Mechanism of Over- txwv chloride|Hom Failure Cycle|Qhov Chaw Tswj Kev Ntsuas|| ----|----|-{{32}--|--{{50}-|----|| 316 Stainless Hlau|Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 50 ppm|Cl⁻ hloov cov pa oxygen ntawm chromium passive zaj duab xis, tawg zaj duab xis txuas ntxiv; accumulates nyob rau hauv weld crevices los tsim tus kheej -catalytic pitting hlwb|Rov qab osmosis / ion pauv rau cov txheej txheem dej; txwv tsis pub chlorine -nplua nuj tshuaj tua kab mob|Los ntawm-wall weld pitting li ntawm 2–4 lub hlis|Qib 2 Titanium|Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 200 ppm|Chloride ib leeg NW nyuam qhuav erodes tsis zoo Synergises nrog tsawg yaj oxygen los yog fluoride kom exacerbate khawb etching; TiO₂ movie|Scattered milky etching me ntsis nyob rau hauv 3 lub hlis|Tsis tu ncua tswj DO Ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 8 mg / L; cais cov fluoride pipelines|| PFA Coated rhaub|Tsis muaj corrosion ncaj qha rau PFA hauv ob sab phlu|Chloride permeates txheej khawb kom ncav cuag carbon steel substrate, accelerating xeb tiam thiab interlayer blister expansion|Nruab nrab hnyav hlau paug tsis pub dhau 4 lub hlis tom qab txheej khawb khawb puas|Dual-theem zoo lim kom tsis txhob muaj qhov khawb; puv ntau-theem yaug|| Quartz iav|Tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ncaj qha|Chloride ntsev precipitate thiab adsorb residual alkali, tsim hauv zos siab -alkali micro-zones kom aggravate quartz frosting|Tsis sib xws matte discoloration tom qab kaum ob ntawm batch|Lub hli tag nrho cov kua qaub mus rau strip chloride ntsev deposits|## 1. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm chloride Ions Chloride ions muaj lub zog adsorption thiab nkag mus tau: 1. Cov kev tiv thaiv kev ruaj ntseg yog cuam tshuam raws li cov tshuaj chloride ions nyiam txuas rau qhov tsis xws luag hauv cov hlau passive coatings, hloov cov pa oxygen atoms thiab 2 chloride generating cov hlau. rupture, chloride ions yog perpetually concentrated nyob rau hauv corrosion pits, ua rau ib tug microenvironment uas yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig, low-pH, thiab siab -chloride. Qhov microenvironment no ua rau kom qhov nthuav dav ntawm lub qhov hauv nws tus kheej - lub voj voog ua kom zoo dua . 3. Cov voj voog CIP tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov chloride ntsev seem uas nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tuag, gasket gaps, thiab txheej khawb. Qhov no ua rau tsim cov ntsiab lus ua kom muaj corrosion mus tas li uas tsim los ntawm kev rov ua cua sov thiab txias dua . 2. Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev puas tsuaj tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom ### 316 Stainless Steel (Qhov feem ntau cuam tshuam rau chloride yaig) Cov chloride ions tsuas yog tsis muaj zog los ntawm chromium oxide passive zaj duab xis ntawm 316 stainless hlau. Thaum qhov concentration ntawm chloride tshaj 50 ppm: Chloride forms micro-pits los ntawm nyiam infiltrating nyias passive zaj duab xis ntawm weld seams. Qhov concentration ntawm chloride nyob rau hauv pits yog kaum ntawm lub sij hawm siab tshaj li qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov nruab nrab vim yog khaws cia ntawm qhov nruab nrab zoo li qub, biofilm coverage, thiab kub. Cov pits tau nce zuj zus ntxiv thaum txhua qhov pib{101}} nres lub voj voog thermal. Thaum tsis muaj ib nrab-txhua xyoo offline passivation, qhov pits yuav nkag mus rau phab ntsa ntawm lub raj sai sai, ua rau muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov pa taws thiab cov khoom tawg. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tsis tiav ntxov ntawm stainless hlau cua sov raj yog siab -chloride underground dej nyoos. ### Qib 2 Titanium (Inherently robustly chloride resistance) Titanium yog cov khoom nyiam rau siab - ntsev fermentation txheej txheem vim nws tuab TiO₂ passivation zaj duab xis, uas muaj peev xwm tiv taus siab chloride concentrations ntawm nws tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv ob qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo, chloride imposes superimposed txaus ntshai: 1. Oxygen uas tau yaj hauv qab ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 8 mg / L, cov zaj duab xis puas ntawm khawb tsis tuaj yeem kho nws tus kheej, thiab chloride accumulates los tsim cov kab noj hniav hauv zos . 2. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov kab mob fluoride ntawm chloride dissolution: Lub dissolution zaj duab xis yog chloride dissolution. uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm loj-tej chaw milky dawb pos huab engraving rau raj phab ntsa. Titanium systems yuav tsum nruj me ntsis tswj cov tshuaj fluoride, txawm tias cov tshuaj chloride qis dua li 200 ppm kev nyab xeeb. ### Rhaub nrog PFA Txheej Cov ntaub ntawv zoo tsis raug chloride puas tsuaj, vim PFA fluoroplastic yog impermeable rau chloride ions kiag li. Tsuas yog thaum khawb nkag mus rau txheej txheej yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo tshwm sim: Cov tshuaj chloride-muaj nruab nrab thiab cov kua dej ntxuav yog nqus mus rau hauv qhov khawb qhov khoob thiab dhau los ua ke ntawm cov pa roj carbon steel substrate thiab PFA. Qhov tsim ntawm cov tshuaj chloride yog expedited los ntawm chloride thaum rhuab, thiab lub txheej yog thawb tawm sab nraud los ntawm xeb expansion siab, uas ua rau cov tsim ntawm zais qhov txhab. Cov ntsuas hlau hnyav hnyav thiab cov khoom ua tsis tau zoo yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov hlau chloride sib xyaw rau hauv fermentation broth thaum hlwv rupture. ### Quartz iav Quartz tsis tuaj yeem ncaj qha etched los ntawm chloride ions, vim lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua tshuaj lom nrog silicon dioxide. Lub cev adsorption yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg: Cov tshuaj chloride ntsev precipitate thiab ua raws li cov phab ntsa hauv lub raj tom qab dej evaporates thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm zoo li qub. Lub crystalline deposits ntxiab residual alkaline ntxuav kua, uas ua rau tsim nyob rau hauv lub zos high-alkali micro cheeb tsam uas tsis tu ncua etch quartz rau hauv ib tug frosted matte nto. Frosting diminishes thermal impact resistance thiab structural zog. Chloride ntsev deposits tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm tag nrho los ntawm cov kua qaub tsis tu ncua, yog li tshem tawm qhov kev pheej hmoo tsis ncaj. ## 3. Feem ntau On-Site Sources of Excess Chloride 1. Qhov nruab nrab yog npaj siv cov dej tsis huv hauv nroog lossis cov dej hauv av uas muaj cov tshuaj chloride siab heev. 2. Fermentation formulations uas muaj ntau cov tshuaj chloride-muaj nitrogen, phosphorus, thiab cov kab mob hauv cov khoom siv ntxiv rau cov khoom siv ntxiv rau cov khoom siv chloride ({78}). Kev ntxuav CIP ua rau muaj cov tshuaj chloride seem hauv cov kav dej hauv thaj chaw tuag . 4. Cov dej rov qab ntawm cov dej qab ntsev ntau rau hauv cov txheej txheem dej, uas ua rau muaj kev sib kis kab mob . 5. Chloride ntsev precipitate thiab hauv zos enrichment nyob rau hauv biofilm yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev khaws cia ntev li qub. ## 4. Kev ntsuas rau kev cuam tshuam thiab tswj cov tshuaj chloride thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav ### Kev kho cov dej ntws ruaj khov chloride effluent kom tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 30 ppm rau stainless hlau loops los ntawm kev txhim kho thim rov qab osmosis lossis ion txauv resin hauv nruab nrab cov dej npaj. Cov kab titanium tuaj yeem so tus qauv kom tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 150 ppm. ### Raw Material Incoming Inspection Ua ntej pub mis, ntsuas cov ntsiab lus chloride ntawm txhua yam khoom nruab nrab; tsis lees paub cov khoom siv raw uas tshaj qhov txwv tsis pub siv rau cov kab ntau lawm stainless hlau. #### Kev ua kom zoo ntawm CIP Tu Cov Qauv Tshem tawm kev siv lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob chloride siab thiab hloov lawv nrog cov tshuaj ntxuav alkaline uas tsis muaj chlorine. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov chloride ntsev seem ntawm thaj chaw tuag, txuas ntxiv lub sijhawm tuav ntawm ntau theem txheej txheem yaug. ### Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Sib txawv 1. Cov kab hlau tsis muaj steel: txhawm rau kho cov tshuaj chloride-kev puas tsuaj passive zaj duab xis, ntiav ib nrab xyoo passivation thiab tsis txhob ntev static medium retention . 2. High-chloride titanium kab: Tswj aeration ntawm tus nqi tas li rau 24 teev los tiv thaiv qis-oxygen + chloride synergistic corrosion ntau dua 8. mg/L. 3. PFA heating equipment: Fundamentally strengthen front-end filtration to prevent coating scratches and prevent chloride contact with carbon steel substrate. 4. Quartz loops: Conduct a full acid circulation on a monthly basis to remove chloride salt deposits and mitigate indirect alkali icing damage. ### Kev Saib Xyuas Kev Saib Xyuas Txhua Hnub Qhia cov tshuaj chloride concentration ntawm cov txheej txheem dej thiab fermentation kua nyob rau hauv ib hnub. Ua kom qhov zaus ntawm CIP ntxuav thiab ua ntej kev soj ntsuam xyuas lub sijhawm thaum cov khoom siv kev nyab xeeb tau dhau lawm. ## Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb Stainless hlau pitting corrosion feem ntau yog pib los ntawm chloride ions. Lawv tsis ncaj qha puas titanium, PFA, lossis quartz; es, lawv tsim superimposed zais txaus ntshai, nrog rau coated khawb, tsis txaus oxygen yaj, thiab residual alkali. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov tshuaj chloride ua kom nrawm nrawm thiab txuas ntxiv lub neej tag nrho ntawm cov khoom siv cua sov, qhov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb yog tswj cov tshuaj chloride hauv cov khoom tshwj xeeb kev nyab xeeb los ntawm kev kho dej, tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv raw, thiab kev tu tus qauv.