Cov tshuaj Nickel ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj Nickel plating daws teeb meem cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem?

Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua yeeb yam Nickel plating daws tau kev txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib piv ntawm kev sib piv thiab kev sib npaug ntawm txhua feem ntawm txhua feem. Txhua qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsim nyog ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke yuav ua rau muaj kev txawv txav plating, detheration ntawm txheej zoo thiab txawm tias kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem. Cov hauv qab no yog qhov kev tiv thaiv cov tshuab thiab tswj hwm tus kheej ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb:
I. Main SALT (Nickel ion, NI²⁺)
1. Cov ntau ntau
Acidic plating daws: 8 ~ 12g \/ l (tus nqi raug 10g \/ l)
Alkaline plating daws: 4 ~ 8g \/ l (tus nqi raug 6g \/ l)
2. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua tau zoo
Siab heev:
Lub plating ceev tau nrawm, tab sis cov ntxhib cov nplej yog yooj yim tsim, thiab qhov ci ci ntawm cov txheej txo qis;
Nickel ions pom tsaus nti nrog txo cov neeg sawv cev, thiab lub zos overheating tej zaum yuav ua rau cov kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov kev plating (tshwj xeeb yog koj li 5.5).
Tsis tshua muaj siab:
Lub nrawm nrawm yog cuam tshuam qeeb (<5μm \/ h), lossis txawm nres;
Cov ntsiab lus phosphorus ntawm cov txheej nce (acidic system), ua rau muaj kev txo qis hauv lub hardness thiab tsis zoo.
3. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm
Siv cov kev sib ntxiv tsis tu ncua (xws li tsis siv neeg dripping ntawm nickel sulfate daws) kom tsis txhob muaj ntau lub ntsej muag ntau yam tshwm sim los ntawm ib-lub sijhawm ntxiv;
Nquag sim lub npib tsib xee ion concentration los ntawm Edta tormration txoj kev. Rau txhua 1 mol ntawm hypophosphaphite noj, txog 0. 33 mol ntawm Nickel ion yog noj.
Ii. Txo tus neeg sawv cev (sodium hypophosphaphite, Nahsonpo₂)
1. Cov ntau ntau
Acidic plating daws: 25 ~ 35g \/ l (tus nqi raug 30g \/ l)
Alkaline plating daws: 15 ~ 25g \/ l (tus nqi raug 20g \/ l)
2. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua tau zoo
Siab heev:
Sab kev nplua zuj zus ntxiv, ua kom muaj ntau qhov ntau ntawm hydrogen thiab Phphopite (HPOs), ua rau muaj kev txo qis hauv cov plating tov thiab kev nce hauv viscosposity;
The phosphorus content of the coating increases (acidic system>10%), uas yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim cov qauv ntxig thiab txo corrosion tsis kam.
Kev pom zoo yog tsawg heev:
Kev txo tus tsav tsheb tsis txaus ntseeg, plating ceev<3μm/h, thin and gray coating;
Nickel ion Txo tsis yog txaus, thiab hmoov dub (NI⁰) yuav muab tso, puruting cov plating tov.
3. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm
Lub sij hawm ntxiv, nws xav tau kom diluted mus rau 5% ~ 10% concentration, ntxiv maj mam thiab do maj mam thiab do kom huv si kom tsis txhob txo tus neeg sawv cev hauv zos;
Phospite tsom yuav tsum tau tswj hwm ntawm **<40g/L** (removed by freezing or ion exchange), otherwise it will inhibit the reduction reaction.
3. Cov neeg sawv cev sib tw (cov neeg sawv cev ua haujlwm)
1. Hom thiab ntau dua
Ntaus acidic plating daws alkaline plating daws
Lactic acid 10 ~ 20ml \/ l (feem ntau 15ml \/ l) -
Sodium acetate 20 ~ 30g \/ l (feem ntau 25g \/ l) -
Sodium Citrate 5 ~ 10G \/ L (Kev Ua Vaj Tsua (L)
Triethanmamine - 15 ~ 25ml \/ l (feem ntau 20ml \/ l)
2. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua tau zoo
Cov ntsiab lus tsis txaus:
Qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm pub dawb nickel ions nce, thiab ni (Oh) ₂ (Oh) ₂ los nag (tshwj xeeb yog thaum ph> 5.5), ua rau muaj cov tshuaj turbidity;
Lub plating ceev yog tsis ruaj, thiab hauv zos xau lossis nodules yuav tshwm sim.
Siab heev:
Qhov muaj peev xwm nyuaj heev dhau lawm, uas inhibits qhov kev txo qis ntawm nickel ions thiab txo cov plhuav plating (piv txwv li, thaum sound ceev yog tsawg dua li 4μm \/ h);
Nws tuaj yeem sib txuas nrog H⁺ hauv cov txheej txheem acidic, tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj peev xwm tsis muaj zog, thiab ua kom muaj kev thab plaub lub ntsej muag.
3. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm
Cov qauv nyiaj hniav puas ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ua haujlwm nyuaj rau NiTArs ionstomat rau Ni²⁺ yog 1.8: 1), kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev tawm tsam thiab tsis txhob muaj nag dej;
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua los ntawm Potentiometric Titration. Cov txheej txheem acidic tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev ntxiv cov kua qaub lactic acid, thiab cov alkaline system tuaj yeem muab ntxiv nrog cov triethanine.
IV. Ntas yeej
1. Hom thiab ntau dua
Acidic system: acetic acid - sodium acetate (PH 4.5 ~ 5.5), sodium acetate 20 ~ 30g \/ l;
Alkaline System: Ammonia dej - ammonium chloride (pH 8.5 ~ 1 {{}}. 0), ammonium chloride 15 ~ 25g \/ l.
2. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua tau zoo
Cov ntsiab lus tsis txaus:
pH fluctuation range>{{{{{0}}}}. 5 (xws li 4.0), uas ua rau lub plating ceev ceev thiab qeeb;
Extreme pH values ​​may cause the plating solution to decompose (such as when pH>6. {{{{{}}, Cov kua qaub acidic plating yog nquag los tsim ni (huag).
Ntau qhov siab:
When sodium acetate in the acidic system is>35g \/ u, nws yuav tsim ib qho tsis muaj zog nrog Ni²⁺, txo qhov nyiaj tau zoo;
Kev Ammonia kev xav hauv lub cev alkaline yuav ua kom muaj kev kub ntxhov ntawm Nickel Ickely Ions thiab tsim cov ntawv colloidal.
3. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm
Lub tsis muaj kev xav tau kom phim lub ntim ntawm cov plodium cov kev daws teeb meem, thiab tag nrho cov sodium acetate hauv txhua 1000l ntawm kev daws teeb meem yuav tsis pub tshaj 30kg;
Los ntawm kev hloov kho tsis siv neeg txuas rau hauv xov tooj cua online, xyuas kom cov ntas yeej muaj peev xwm muab tau los sib xyaw ua ke rau txhua 1mol h air \/ oh⁻ noj.
5. Stabilizer (inhibitor)
1. Hom thiab ntau dua
Hom kev siv ntau yam ntawm kev nqis tes ua
Thioura 0. 5 ~ 2mg \/ l adsorbed ntawm cathalytic cov chaw ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv
Lead ions (PB²⁺) {{{{{0}}}}}. 1 ~ 0.5mg \/ l}. 1 ~ 0.5mg \/ l
Iodide (I⁻) 1 ~ 5mg \/ u sib sau ib qho ruaj khov nrog ni²⁺ los txo cov peev txheej txo
2. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua tau zoo
Cov ntsiab lus tsis txaus:
Kev ruaj khov ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem rau kev poob qis, thiab nws yuav nteg kev tso nyiaj ("kev txiav txim siab tus kheej") ntawm phab ntsa cua sov los ua cov hmoov dub tsis zoo;
Lub zos overheated cheeb tsam (xws li ntug ntawm plated part) yog ib qho los tawg plating lossis nodules.
Siab heev:
Kev tiv thaiv ntau dhau ntawm kev tawm tsam txo qis, plating ceev<2μm/h, or even complete plating stop;
Cov teeb meem organic xws li thiourcea yuav embedded nyob rau hauv lub plating txheej, ua rau kev sib koom ua ke thiab ntxhoo yooj yim.
3. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm
Lub stabilizer yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau hauv kab lw, thiab leej niam ntawm kev daws teeb meem 1000 zaug ntxiv dropwise kom tsis txhob poob siab;
Qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov kev hloov pauv hloov yuav tsum raug sim ua ntu zus los ntawm Hull Cell Kuaj. Yog tias cov tawv ntxhib tshwm rau ntawm ntug ntawm daim xeem, lub stabilizer xav tau ntxiv.
VI. Lwm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
1. Accelerator (xws li malic acid, profionic acid)
Cov ntsiab lus ntau npaum li cas: Ntxiv 1 ~ 5g \/ u rau cov acidic plating tov tuaj yeem nce cov plating ceev los 10% ~ 20%;
Qhov cuam tshuam txawv txawv: ntau dhau ntxiv yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau hauv txheej thiab tawg.
2. Surfactant (xws li Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate)
Cov ntsiab lus ntau npaum li cas: {{0}}}. 05 ~ 0.2g \/ l (acidic system);
Txawv txawv: Ntau dhau ntxiv yuav tsim ntau npaum li cas ua npuas ncauj, ua rau txheej txheej, tabkaum cov nag lossis daus, thiab cov pinholes.
VII. Kev soj ntsuam kev kuaj mob rau kev sib xyaw tsis txaus ntseeg
1. Plating ceev
Cov qauv xeem daim (45 hlau) yog tso raws li cov qauv ntawm cov qauv rau 1 teev, thiab lub qub plating ceev yuav tsum yog 10 ~ 15μm \/ h (acidic system); Yog tias nws tsawg dua 8μm \/ h, tej zaum nws yuav tsis txaus ntseeg nickel ions lossis txo tus neeg sawv cev, lossis tus neeg saib xyuas ntau yam.
2. Hull Kuaj Mob Cell
Nyob rau hauv 250ml hull cell, electroplating nrog qhov tam sim no ntawm 1a rau 10 feeb, saib cov ntawv xeem:
Kev xau dej nyob rau hauv thaj chaw ceev tam sim no: tsis txaus ntseeg ion concentration lossis ntau dhau lawm stabilizer;
Roughness nyob rau hauv qhov chaw siab tam sim no: ntau dhau kev txo tus neeg saib xyuas lossis tus nqi.
3. Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Tshawb Xyuas
Phosphorus cov ntsiab lus raug kuaj pom los ntawm X-tshav fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF):
Cov ntsiab lus phosphorus ib txwm ntawm acidic plating tov yog 6% ~ 9%. Yog tias nws yog qhov loj dua 10%, nws tuaj yeem ua rau tus neeg tiv thaiv kom tsawg lossis tsis txaus ntseeg nickel ions;
Cov ntsiab lus phosphorus ntawm Alkaline Plating daws yog 1% ~ 4%. Yog tias nws tsawg dua 1%, nws yuav yog tias tus nqi pH yog qhov siab dhau, ua rau Nickel ion hydrolysis.
Cov ntsiab lus: Kev sib npaug Rynamic yog tus yuam sij
Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov tshuaj Nickel plating daws yog qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug ntawm "thermodynamic finibility" thiab "Kinetic Introllability":
Qhov kev kub ntxhov rau cov thickel ions thiab txo cov neeg sawv cev yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua), tab sis tsis tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los tswj;
Qib theem: Cov neeg sawv cev sib dhos, tsis muaj cov neeg nyob ruaj khov
Hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag, nws raug pom zoo kom tsim cov khoom siv rau txhua lub sijhawm (xws li peekas, stabied}. hauv "synergistic ntau".