Yuav ua li cas kom sov lub tank loj nrog PTFE cua sov phaj: Sizing thiab zoning tswv yim?

Yuav tsum tau cua sov thiab tuav lub 2000 litre plating tank ntawm 60 degrees Celsius. Ib lub rhaub me me yuav tsis ua. Yuav ua li cas PTFE cua sov daim hlau yuav scaled mus rau xws li loj ntim? Puas yog nws tsuas yog teeb meem ntawm daim phiaj loj lossis lwm yam?

Scaling thermal systems rau kev lag luam cov hlab ntsha loj dua 1000 litres, xws li plating da dej, tshuaj reactors, los yog cia tso tsheb hlau luam, yog ib tug nyuaj nyuaj nyuaj tshaj li lub benchtop cua sov. Ua kom sov lub tank loj yog qhov teeb meem engineering, tsis yog teeb meem xaiv lub rhaub. Lub zog yuav tsum tau ntsuas nrog ntim rau thawj zaug cua sov- nce, nce tag nrho cov huab hwm coj mus rau qhov chaw teeb tsa, thiab nrog thaj chaw saum npoo rau kev saib xyuas lub xeev ruaj khov, los hloov qhov poob rau huab cua ambient, evaporation lossis conduction. Piv txwv li, lub tank 2000L nrog 40℃nce hauv tsawg dua ib teev yuav xav tau 20-50 kW nyob ntawm qhov rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov ntsiab lus. Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws yog qhov tsis muaj qhov sib xws: tsis yog{10}} cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua kom muaj cov thermal gradients uas ua rau cov tsis sib xws plating thickness, stratified cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, los yog txawm tias muaj teeb meem kev nyab xeeb xws li hauv zos boiling nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj volatile. PTFE cua sov phaj yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem nyuaj, muab lawv cov kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab sab nrauv mounting, tab sis lawv qhov kev siv yuav tsum muaj qhov loj me, zoning thiab kev sib koom ua ke kom tawg lub zog no kom zoo.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus hauv kev ntsuas yog kom phim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kom xav tau. Cov cua sov- nce lub zog yog qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov ntim thiab qhov muaj peev xwm kub ntawm cov ntsiab lus - rau cov dej- raws li cov kev daws teeb meem no yog li 4.2 kJ / kg·℃, ntxiv rau kev nyab xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Thaum nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, qhov system mus rau qhov kev poob qis uas yog dominated los ntawm qhov chaw. Convection thiab hluav taws xob los ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab lub hau tuaj yeem siphon 100-500 W / m2 hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob. Kev paub qhia tias tus yuam sij rau homogeneity ntawm cov ntim loj yog zoning. Tsis yog ib lub rhaub, ntau PTFE daim hlau yog teem rau hauv qab lub tank hauv qab. Cov phaj txheem ntawm 1x1 lossis 1x2 meters tuaj yeem ua cov pobzeb los npog cov hneev taw loj thiab muab cov cua kub sib cais los ntawm cov khoom siv tank (piv txwv li polypropylene lossis stainless hlau lined nrog fluoropolymers). Qhov no modularity tshem tawm cov teeb meem fabrication thiab tus nqi ntawm kev cai mega-phaj, tsis tau muab staged fais fab mov. Rau 3000L daim duab plaub plating da dej plaub 5 kW daim hlau tej zaum yuav txaus, xaim nyob rau hauv parallel tab sis tswj nyob rau hauv kev sib cais los them rau asymmetries, xws li nce poob nyob ze ntawm cov npoo los yog agitator zones.

Zoned tswj ua rau txoj kev no siab dua, xav txog lub tank raws li ntau - cheeb tsam system. Txhua lub phaj lossis pab pawg tuaj yeem txuas nrog nws tus kheej PID maub los thiab ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub uas tso cai rau kev nplua - tuning. Xaus cov cheeb tsam hauv lub tank ntev, nqaim yuav yog 2-5℃kub dua los them rau cov cua txias ntawm cov ciam teb, yog li cov tub ntxhais tseem sib xws li ± 1-2℃. Qhov no them nyiaj rau qhov tsis yog - dej zoo dynamics. Txawm tias muaj cov twj recirculation, cov ntim loj loj tuaj yeem tsim cov chaw tuag nyob qhov twg cov dej txias dua. Zoning yog enabled los ntawm etched-foil ntsiab ntawm PTFE daim hlau, uas muab intrinsic nto sib xws, txo intra-phaj gradients. Thiab lawv qhov chaw sab nraud ua rau kev xaim thiab kev saib xyuas yooj yim dua - qhov tseem ceeb rau cov tshuab loj loj uas lub sij hawm poob nqi ntau txhiab ib teev - tab sis tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam sab hauv rau cov ntsiab lus corrosive xws li chromic acid lossis cyanide da dej.

Managing heat loss is also important, because big heaters waste energy and strain controllers. Losses scale up in large tanks, for example a 2000L tank with a surface area of 10m2 might lose 5-10kW at 60°C above ambient with no mitigation. Insulate sides and bottoms with polyurethane foam or mineral wool (R-values >3 m2·K/W), txo los ntawm 70-80% Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhib da dej evaporative txias yuav ua tau ntau tshaj 1 kW / m 2 nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntub dej floating pob polypropylene los yog tsis siv neeg npog txo evaporative txias. Cov kauj ruam no txo ​​cov cua sov lub zog tsim nyog, cia cov PTFE daim hlau tsom rau qhov tseeb, tsis yog quab yuam. Qhov loj ntawm lub tank cuam tshuam txog qhov teeb meem hloov hluav taws xob. Raws li kev kwv yees thawj zaug koj tuaj yeem suav lub sijhawm cua sov: Q=m * c * Delta T / t. m yog qhov loj, c yog qhov tshwj xeeb cua sov, Delta T yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab t yog lub sijhawm. Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv qhov poob rau hauv lub xeev ruaj khov: U * A * Delta T, qhov twg U yog tag nrho cov cua sov hloov coefficient. Rau insulated tank qhov no feem ntau yog 0.5-2 W / m2K. Txoj cai ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo: 10-15 kW ib 1000L rau nruab nrab kub-up rau kom zoo insulated systems. Kho kom muaj kev ntxhov siab (txhim kho cov convection sab hauv) lossis cov kua dej khov (tiv thaiv kev sib xyaw) thiab lwm yam. Siv cov cuab yeej xws li Aspen los yog cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim kom raug. Qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv thermal conductivity ntawm PTFE (~ 0.25 W / mK) thiab tsis kam ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tank.

Qhov chaw sensor yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj tau zoo ntawm cov ntsuas no. Ib qho kev sojntsuam tuaj yeem muab cov duab cuav ntawm qhov ntim-siv ntau RTDs lossis cov thermocouples ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab qhov chaw (center, ntug, inlet / qhov hluav taws xob) kom pom cov gradients thiab nruab nrab rau kev tswj tus tswv. Sib cais sensor rau txhua cheeb tsam rau zoned teeb -ups nrog cov ntaub ntawv pub rau PLC rau automated ntsuas . Tshooj lus no qhia txog kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm PTFE daim hlau vim lawv qhov chaw inert uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov khoom tawg thaum txhim kho cov sensors lossis ntxuav lub tank kom lawv tuaj yeem siv tau ntev.

Ua tau zoo cua sov tso tsheb hlau luam loj nrog PTFE daim hlau xav tau lub tswv yim holistic; tsim nyog sizing, zoning thiab poob tswj. Los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntau daim hlau nrog kev tswj hwm ntse thiab kev rwb thaiv tsev, engineers tau zoo ib yam, kev ua haujlwm zoo thermal uas ntsuas ntsuas tau zoo. Qhov kev xav hauv theem no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua txoj kev lag luam, qhov twg qhov ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas qhov teeb meem thermal, los ntawm electroplating mus rau ntau cov tshuaj khaws cia, kom ntseeg tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab ua haujlwm txuag nyiaj.