Material Science: Matching lub Cartridge Heater Sheath rau ib puag ncig

Thaum nws los txog rau cartridge rhaub, cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb feem ntau tsuas yog qee qhov hluav taws xob thiab qhov loj me: qhov hluav taws xob, wattage, txoj kab uas hla, thiab ntev. Cov no yog cov tseem ceeb, tab sis cov metallurgical muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov sheath sab nrauv feem ntau yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ntev -kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg tau. Nws yog ib qho yuam kev loj los xav txog cov ntaub qhwv ua ib lub thawv ntim khoom. Lub plhaub yog qhov tseem ceeb uas ua rau cov txheej txheem hnyav ib puag ncig sab nraud los ntawm kev nkag mus rau qhov chaw sab hauv loj ntawm siab -kub hluav taws xob. Xaiv cov ntaub qhwv tsis raug rau txoj haujlwm yuav luag ib txwm ua rau tsis ua haujlwm; tib yam uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau li cas thiab thaum twg nws tshwm sim.

Tus Qauv: Austenitic Stainless Steels


Rau feem ntau kev lag luam siv uas yuav tsum tau huv, qhuav cua sov ntawm hlau, nrog rau embedding lawv nyob rau hauv steel pwm, aluminium platens, los yog tooj dag tuag, austenitic stainless hlau zoo li Hom 304 (AISI 304) los yog nws stabilized counterpart hom 321 yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab pheej yig tshaj kev xaiv. Cov hlau no muaj zog, tus kheej- kho chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) txheej ntawm lawv qhov chaw uas tiv thaiv lawv tawm tsam oxidation (scaling) ntawm qhov kub txog li 700℃(1290℃F). Hom 321, uas muaj cov titanium ntxiv, yog qhov zoo dua ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev nkag siab thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm intergranular nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm 425-870℃(800-1600℃F). Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov cua sov uas dhau los ntawm ntau lub thermal cycling. Qhov no yog vim li cas coob tus neeg xaiv nws rau thermal daim ntaub ntawv uas tawv tab sis tsis corrosive.

Qhov teeb meem: Ib puag ncig uas corrosive thiab qias neeg

Thaum cov txheej txheem ntxiv corrosive agents, kev khiav hauj lwm toj roob hauv pes hloov ntau heev. Tsuas yog muaj cov av noo siab yog qhov teeb meem vim nws yuav ua rau condensation. Tab sis muaj cov tshuaj chlorides, uas yog dav nyob rau hauv cov ntug hiav txwv dej, qee cov txheej txheem chemistry, los yog cov tshuaj ntxuav, yog ib qho kev hem thawj loj rau 300-series stainless hlau. Cov ntaub ntawv no feem ntau yuav tau txais Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking (Cl-SCC) thaum cov tshuaj chloride ions, noo noo, thiab tensile stress (uas ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv ib lub rhaub) muaj nyob rau tib lub sij hawm. Qhov kev ua tsis tiav no tuaj yeem tso cai rau cov ntaub qhwv kom tawg sai sai thiab yooj yim, tsis muaj ntau thinning ntawm phab ntsa, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab feem ntau tuag tsis ua haujlwm.

Hauv cov chaw no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau nickel -chromium- hlau superalloy. Incoloy 800/800H lossis Incoloy 840 yog cov piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tau tsim los daws cov teeb meem no. Cov alloys muaj ntau ntau npib tsib xee (feem ntau yog 30-35% lossis ntau dua), uas ua rau lawv tiv taus kev ntxhov siab ntau dua los ntawm chloride. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv ua kom ruaj khov thiab tiv thaiv oxide nplai ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, uas ua rau lawv zoo dua ntawm kev tiv thaiv oxidation, carburisation, thiab sulfidation hauv cov huab cua nyuaj. Thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov tshuaj caustic, xws li hauv kev ua tshuaj lom neeg lossis qee cov txheej txheem plating, cov nickel{11}}raws li alloys feem ntau yog tib txoj kev uas yuav nres alkaline nres sai.

Qhov Xav Tau Rau Siab -Voltage Siv

Nyob rau hauv siab -voltage systems, xws li 700V cartridge heaters, cov teebmeem ntawm sheath tsis ua hauj lwm tseem phem dua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub sheath txoj hauj lwm raws li ib tug hluav taws xob insulator yog ib qho tseem ceeb raws li nws txoj hauj lwm raws li ib tug corrosion barrier. Lub pinhole xau los ntawm pitting corrosion los yog kev ntxhov siab tawg cia noo noo nyob rau hauv thiab shortens lub sab hauv lub caij. Nws ua rau txoj hauv kev ncaj nraim, qis- tsis kam rau tag nrho cov kab hluav taws xob (700V lossis ntau dua) kom muaj zog rau cov cuab yeej nyob ib puag ncig, cov txheej txheem dej, lossis lub tshuab ua haujlwm. Qhov no yog qhov txaus ntshai hluav taws xob poob siab heev rau cov neeg ua haujlwm, tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo, thiab tuaj yeem pib hluav taws kub hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg. Sheath kev ncaj ncees tsis yog nyob ntawm seb nws kav ntev npaum li cas rau siab -voltage heaters; nws kuj yog ib qho kev nyab xeeb tseem ceeb uas hu rau kev siv cov khoom muaj zog tshaj plaws, feem ntau corrosion{10}}cov hlau tiv taus.

Coatings thiab nto engineering yog tshwj xeeb siv.

Cov kev kho mob tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau hauv lub hauv paus alloy kom tau raws li cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb. Hauv kev ua zaub mov, tshuaj, lossis cov khoom siv polymer (xws li PTFE), kev ua raws li cov khoom lag luam, kev sib kis, thiab kev yooj yim ntawm kev ntxuav yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, cov hlau ib txwm muaj, txawm tias nws tsis xeb, yuav tsis yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws. Koj tuaj yeem ua rau lub plhaub ntawm lub tshuab cua sov uas tsis yog-stick, inert, thiab yooj yim los ntxuav los ntawm kev muab zaub mov-qib, FDA-raws li PTFE (Teflon®) txheej los yog sophisticated nano-ceramic txheej rau nws. Cov txheej txheem no txwv cov khoom siv carbonized los ntawm kev tsim, txuag lub sijhawm txij nkawm, thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom yog ntshiab. Lawv yog kev sib xyaw ntawm metallurgical thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb uas pab daws qee qhov teeb meem cuam tshuam.

Xaus: Xaiv qhov kev kwv yees ua ntej ua ntej

Cov kauj ruam kawg hauv kev ua kom lub tshuab rhaub kom muaj zog txaus yog saib daim ntawv qhia kev tiv thaiv corrosion los yog tham nrog ib tus kws tshaj lij cov ntaub ntawv los sib piv cov sheath alloy hloov mus rau qhov tseeb ntawm cov tshuaj, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab ambient tej yam kev mob ntawm txoj hauj lwm. Qhov kev nqis peev me me no hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tau them lub sijhawm loj los ntawm kev tig lub tshuab hluav taws xob los ntawm kev kwv yees siv tau rau hauv kev ntseeg siab, ua tau - nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem. Txoj cai sheath ua kom paub tseeb tias lub zog thermal yog ib txwm xa mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm, thiab lub tshuab rhaub nws tus kheej nyob twj ywm lub nkoj muaj zog thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb uas tuaj yeem ua rau ib puag ncig nws tau tsim rau.