Qhib txog kev sib deev|Silicone cawm txoj kev lag luam: Los ntawm cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab tuaj yeem ua rau hauv lub lauj kaub, 50-xyoo kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo rau cov khoom ua si sib deev.

Nyob zoo, Kuv yog koj cov khoom ua si sib deev.

Qhov tsis muaj ntxhiab, du, scald- pov thawj "cov khoom ua si me" hauv koj lub tub rau khoom- koj puas tau xav txog tias vim li cas nws thiaj nyab xeeb?

Cov lus teb tsis nyob hauv cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm. Hauv qab daus tsaus nti hauv Brooklyn xyoo 1972.

Ib tug neeg tuag tes tuag taw Dub tau khoov dua, nplawm ob peb lub thoob loj ntawm cov kua nplaum uas tuab. Nws zoo li nws tab tom ua qee qhov kev sim tshuaj lom neeg txaus ntshai. Hauv kev muaj tiag-nws tau ua ib yam dab tsi uas tsis tau pom dua: lub ntiaj teb thawj cov khoom ua si silicone uas tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv lub cev.

Thiab ua ntej ntawd, tag nrho cov khoom zoo sib xws uas koj tuaj yeem yuav tau, hais ncaj ncees, tsis huv li koj chav ua noj daim txhuam cev. Cov ntawv xov xwm niaj hnub no, los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, yuav muab rau koj ua tiav cov ntsiab lus ntawm tsib caug- xyoo keeb kwm ntawm kev nyab xeeb evolution. [1]

I. Yuav ua li cas yog qhov "tsim roj hmab"?

Peb feem ntau tau nug los ntawm cov neeg nyeem: "Kuv yuav lub vibrator pheej yig, thiab thaum kuv qhib nws, muaj cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab. Kuv ntxuav peb zaug, thiab nws tseem muaj. Nws puas muaj kev nyab xeeb siv?"

Lo lus teb yog: Tsis txhob siv nws. Tus ntxhiab tsw yog cov khoom uas qw "Kuv muaj kuab lom!"

Koj puas paub tias cov khoom ua si sib deev raug cai raug cais raws li "cov khoom tshiab," tsis yog "cov cuab yeej uas nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg cov mucous membranes"? Hauv lwm lo lus, lawv yuav raug txwv tsis pub siv cov khoom siv kev nyab xeeb dua li cov roj hmab duck koj tus menyuam muaj.

Rov qab mus rau ob peb xyoo lawm. Cov khoom ua si sib deev tau tsim los ntawm peb yam: roj hmab ntuj, PVC-polyvinyl chloride- thiab "jelly kua nplaum." Lawv cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam yog tias lawv tau ntxeem tau. Nyob rau hauv lub microscope, lawv qhov chaw tau riddled nrog craters, zoo li lub hli. Cov me me, tsis pom qhov pores no tau nqus cov kua dej hauv lub cev thiab cov kab mob harbored. Koj xav tias koj huv si, tab sis cov kab mob twb ua rau lawv lub tsev nyob rau hauv. [2]

Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj plasticizers. Txhawm rau soften cov tawv PVC, manufacturers ntxiv phthalates. Hauv qee cov khoom ua si pw ua ke pheej yig, cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem siab li 70% - txhais tau tias koj "jelly- nyiam" cov khoom ua si yog 70% tshuaj plasticizers. [3] Phthalate esters paub txog endocrine cuam tshuam, cuam tshuam nrog kev ua me nyuam toxicity thiab kev loj hlob tsis zoo. EU txwv peb hom kev siv rau cov menyuam yaus cov khoom ua si hauv xyoo 2004. US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) kuj tseem txwv nruj rau cov khoom siv menyuam yaus. [4] Tab sis cov khoom ua si sib deev tsis yog menyuam yaus cov khoom ua si. Lawv raug kev tswj hwm tsawg dua li cov ducks roj hmab. "Nws tsis hnov ​​​​tsw roj hmab" tsis yog qhov tsis hnov ​​​​tsw ntawm cov roj hmab ntuj; nws yog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom tsis sib haum xeeb los ntawm cov yas, cov stabilizers, thiab cov kuab tshuaj seem. Thiab muaj ntau. Hauv xyoo 1940, qee cov khoom ua si sib deev muaj roj hmab muaj cov hlua khi rau sab hauv kom muaj kev nruj. Thaum cov roj hmab uas muaj hnub nyoog thiab tawg, cov springs raug nthuav tawm -qhov no tsis yog kev sib deev, nws yog riam phom zais. [5] Hauv lwm lo lus, ua ntej silicone, "cov qauv kev nyab xeeb" rau cov khoom ua si sib deev tau xyaum tsis muaj. Cov ntaub ntawv ntxeem tau khaws cov kab mob, cov yas yas tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav, thiab cov kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau mob -qhov no yog "ib txwm" nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. II. Yuav ua li cas tus kws kho mob nrog tus txha nraub qaum ua "leej txiv ntawm cov khoom" hauv kev lag luam?

Yav dhau los ib feem ntawm keeb kwm suab suffocating. Tam sim no cia peb hloov cov ntsiab lus - qhia ib zaj dab neeg txog ib tug neeg uas hloov txhua yam tiag tiag.

Lub Ib Hlis 1965, Chicago. Gosnell Duncan- cia peb hu nws Duncan- tau ua haujlwm hmo ntuj ua haujlwm ntawm International Harvester cog. Ib ntus welder.

Cov neeg ua haujlwm hloov hnub tsis nco qab muab tus pin tuav. Lub tshuab dhos tsheb tau poob ntawm nws lub txee thiab tsoo nws. Nws tus txha nraub qaum raug tsoo. Nws tau tuag tes tuag taw los ntawm lub duav mus tas li thiab poob nws txoj haujlwm erectile. Nws muaj 37 xyoo, nrog ib tug poj niam thiab plaub tug me nyuam. [1]

Duncan tsis tawg. Nws koom nrog txoj cai kev tsis taus.

Xyoo 1971, lub rooj sib tham kev tsis taus hauv Indianapolis. Muaj kev sib tham qhib rau "Kev Sib Deev thiab Kev Tsis Muaj Peev Xwm." Tus neeg saib xyuas nug cov neeg tuaj saib, "Yog tias muaj cov khoom tsim nyog, koj puas yuav cov khoom ua si sib deev kom txaus siab rau koj cov kev xav tau kev sib deev?"

Sawv daws ob txhais tes nce. [1]

Qhov tseeb uas tau xaiv tsis quav ntsej: cov neeg xiam oob khab kuj muaj kev xav tau kev sib deev thiab txoj cai ntawm kev sib deev. Duncan tau tshawb pom tias tsis muaj ib qho khoom lag luam ntawm kev ua lag luam uas tus neeg tuag tes tuag taw tuaj yeem siv tau zoo.

Duncan yuav thiab kawm txhua yam khoom ua si sib deev ntawm lub khw. Qhov xaus: tsis muaj leej twg ntawm lawv tau ua raws li tus qauv.

Cov roj hmab ntuj- melts thaum cua sov thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua kom tsis muaj menyuam. PVC- ntxeem tau, pungent, thiab tsis tuaj yeem ntxuav tau tiag tiag. Gel- muaj ntau cov yas yas, uas tsis paub txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib cuag ntev -. Thiab tag nrho lawv tuaj nyob rau hauv ib qho xim, "tuag-pink-dawb." Tus neeg siv lub neej ntawd yog dawb.

Tsis muaj leej twg muaj kev nyab xeeb rau ib tus neeg uas xav tau kev sib cuag ntev -, muaj cov tawv nqaij rhiab dua, thiab xav tau kev nyiam huv huv.

Txawm li cas los xij, Duncan muaj kev paub txog engineering. Nws tau ua haujlwm nrog cov roj hmab silicone thaum kho tsheb - tshav kub- tiv taus, ruaj khov, thiab tsis yog -reactive. Nws hu rau ib tug kws tshuaj ntawm General Electric (GE). Ob leeg siv sijhawm ze li ib xyoos rov kho cov qauv. Xyoo 1972, lub ntiaj teb thawj daim tawv nqaij -kev nyab xeeb silicone khoom ua si tau yug los. [1]

Duncan nrhiav tau Scorpio Cov Khoom hauv Brooklyn hauv qab daus. Nws cov khoom rov txhais tias "kev nyab xeeb" txhais li cas:

Thawj qhov kev kho mob - qib silicone cov khoom ua si ua tiav plaub qhov kev ua tiav loj:

Ua ntej, nws tsis yog - ntxeem tau - kab mob nkag tsis tau thiab nws yuav tsis dhau los ua kab mob kab mob nruab nrab.

Qhov thib ob, nws tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw - tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw thaum koj mus ze, thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg tsis muaj tshuaj lom.

Thib peb, nws tuaj yeem ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias -nws tuaj yeem muab pov rau hauv cov khib nyiab sab saum toj ntawm lub tshuab ntxuav tais diav lossis boiled ncaj qha rau kom tsis muaj menyuam.

Plaub, nws tuaj yeem khaws lub cev kub - nws maj mam sov tom qab kev sib cuag nrog daim tawv nqaij, tsis zoo li PVC uas ib txwm txias. [6]

Nws kuj tau ua ib yam dab tsi uas tsis muaj leej twg hauv kev lag luam tsis xav txog thaum lub sijhawm: nws tsim cov khoom raws li plaub lub suab ntawm cov tawv nqaij tiag tiag. Thawj thawj zaug hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov khoom ua si sib deev, ib tug neeg uas muaj tawv nqaij tsaus tsis tas yuav yuav ib qho "liab- nqaij- xim" dildo. Nws kuj tau tsim ib lub qhov ncauj - tuav style rau cov neeg mob quadriplegic thiab ib lub pluaj tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg siv hnav catheters. [1]

"Ib tug neeg, hauv qab daus, ob peb lub thoob ntawm silicone- tau thawb lub hauv paus kev nyab xeeb ntawm qhov kev lag luam no mus rau tag nrho lub sijhawm."

Qhov pib ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv no tsis yog kev npaj ua lag luam lossis VC Roadshow. Qhov no yog hais txog ib tug txiv neej uas nws tus txha nraub qaum tau tawg, uas, tsis muaj lwm txoj kev xaiv, daws qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm "tsis muaj cov khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb" nws tus kheej.

Ntawm ib sab ntawv-peb tshwj xeeb tshawb fawb Duncan keeb kwm thaum sau nqe lus no. Hauv nws qhov kev xam phaj zaum kawg ua ntej nws tuag hauv 2017, nws hais tias, "Kuv tsuas yog xav tau qee yam uas yuav tsis ua rau kuv mob." Nws yog qhov yooj yim.

III. Silicone ntau dua li "Silicon"-Platinum Curing vs. Regular Silicone: Vim li cas "Kev Kho Mob Qib" thiaj li muaj nuj nqis?

Zaj dab neeg dhau lawm. Tam sim no cia peb tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau dua - yuav ua li cas qhia yog tias cov silicone koj muaj muaj kev nyab xeeb tiag tiag.

Qhov no yog me ntsis qhuav. Tab sis thov nyeem ua siab ntev -nws cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau koj txoj kev nyab xeeb txhua zaus koj siv nws.

Tej zaum koj yuav nug: Puas muaj ib hom silicone? Vim li cas qee cov khoom ua si "silicone" raug nqi kaum tawm las, thaum lwm tus raug nqi ntau pua lossis ntau txhiab?

Cia peb muab nws li no: silicone yog ib tsev neeg loj. Dab tsi txiav txim siab nws txoj kev nyab xeeb yog li cas nws "kho" - lo lus scientific "txoj kev kho." Muaj ob hom kev ua lag luam: peroxide curing thiab platinum curing.

Peroxide curing siv cov organic peroxides ua catalysts. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim los ntawm cov khoom lag luam -acetophenone, cumyl cawv, thiab cov organic acids. Cov tshuaj no maj mam nqus tawm ntawm cov khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub cev kub thiab noo ib puag ncig ntawm mucous daim nyias nyias. [7]

Platinum curing, ntawm qhov tod tes, siv platinum complexes ua catalysts. Lub byproducts ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog xoom. Cov tshuaj formula yog zoo kawg nkaus sib npaug, uas ua rau ib tug ntshiab polydimethylsiloxane network. Nws yog huv si, tsis muaj me me molecules khiav. [7]

Peroxide-kho silica gel vs. platinum-kho silica gel- to taub tag nrho ib zaug:

Ua ntej, byproducts: peroxides tawm cov tshuaj residues; platinum tawm xoom.

Thib ob, tsw: peroxides yuav muaj ntxhiab tsw qab; platinum tsis muaj ntxhiab kiag li.

Thib peb, ntev - lub sij hawm ruaj khov: peroxides yuav daj thiab ua nplaum; platinum yuav tsis hloov xim rau peb xyoos. Plaub, biocompatibility: Peroxide feem ntau ua tsis tau USP Class VI / ISO 10993; platinum ua.

Thib tsib, boiling hauv dej: peroxide tsis pom zoo; platinum tuaj yeem boiled dawb.

Rau, tus nqi: Peroxide yog pheej yig dua; platinum yog ob mus rau peb zaug kim dua.

Nyob rau hauv cov lus layman: Peroxide-kho silicone - tom qab siv, tseem muaj "seasoning residues" nyob rau hauv uas tsis tau ntxuav tawm. Platinum-kho silicone - tom qab siv, tsuas muaj ib lub phiab dej huv xwb.

Hauv lwm lo lus, kev kho mob - qib silicone uas dhau USP Chav Kawm VI thiab ISO 10993 biocompatibility tests yog yuav luag txhua lub platinum- kho. Cov kev sim no tshuaj xyuas seb cov khoom puas yuav tua cov hlwb, ua rau muaj kev tsis haum, lossis ua rau tawv nqaij. [8]

Nov yog lwm txoj hauv kev qhia los ntawm kev pom. Pheej yig "silicone" yuav tig daj, ua nplaum, thiab muaj ntxhiab tsw qab tom qab siv lub sijhawm - vim tias peroxide byproducts khiav tawm. Platinum tiag tiag- kho silicone yuav nyob twj ywm tib xim tom qab peb xyoos thiab tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw. Txhawm rau muab nws yooj yim, tsuas yog downside rau platinum- kho silicone yog nws tus nqi. Tab sis thaum nws los txog rau "ntxig rau hauv lub cev," txuag nyiaj ntawd tsis tsim nyog.

Kuv xav kom koj khaws ntu no rau yav tom ntej. Lwm zaus koj yuav khoom ua si, nug peb cov neeg siv khoom:

Ua ntej, nws puas muaj ntxhiab tsw? Platinum tiag tiag -kho silicone yog tsis muaj ntxhiab kiag li.

Qhov thib ob, nws puas tuaj yeem boiled? Kev kho mob tiag tiag - qib silicone yog kub- tiv taus thiab sterilizable.

Thib peb, puas muaj daim ntawv qhia txog biocompatibility? Nrhiav USP Class VI lossis ISO 10993 certification.

Yog tias tag nrho peb cov lus teb yog "yog," koj tuaj yeem paub tseeb. Yog lawv teb tsis tau ib qho - mus rau lwm lub khw.

IV. Los ntawm Hauv Paus Tsev Kawm Ntawv mus rau ISO International Standards -Yuav ua li cas cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv hloov pauv tag nrho Kev Lag Luam
Duncan tsim thawj cov khoom lag luam zoo silicone. Tab sis nws tau siv ze li ntawm peb caug xyoo rau silicone los ua qhov tseem ceeb.

Hauv ntiaj teb cov khoom ua si sib deev ua lag luam ntawm xyoo 1990, gel thiab PVC tseem yog vajntxwv tiag. Qhov laj thawj yog yooj yim: pheej yig. Lub gel vibrator raug nqi tsawg dua ob duas las los tsim, thaum silicone yog ob peb zaug kim dua. Thaum cov neeg siv khoom tsis paub txog lub tswv yim ntawm "kev nyab xeeb khoom," tus nqi txiav txim siab txhua yam. [9] Lub ntsiab lus tig tuaj thaum tig ntawm lub xyoo pua. Ob peb lub sijhawm tseem ceeb: Ua ntej, hauv 1998, Metis Black nrhiav tau Tantus, thawj lub npe rau pawg- tsim "kev kho mob- qib silicone" raws li nws cov ntsiab lus muag. Qhov thib ob, xyoo 2005, Smitten Kitten hauv Minnesota tau los ua lub ntiaj teb thawj lub khw muag khoom tshaj tawm rau pej xeem tias nws "tsis muag cov khoom ua si ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom." Tus tsim kuj tau tsim "kev tawm tsam-kev sib koom ua si lom zem" nrog nws cov phooj ywg. [6] Thib peb, nyob rau xyoo 2010, "lub cev-kev nyab xeeb" tau mus los ntawm cov neeg zej zog niche slang mus rau cov qauv siv rau cov neeg siv khoom loj. Ntau cov ntsiab lus kev kawm txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv tau tshwm sim hauv social media. Plaub, xyoo 2021, ISO tau tshaj tawm lub ntiaj teb thawj tus qauv tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom ua si sib deev, ISO 3533. Nws suav nrog kev tiv thaiv - jamming tsim, kub txwv, thiab cov khoom siv biocompatible. [10]

Smitten Kitten's logic yog qhov yooj yim: yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem tuav ib qho khoom hauv koj lub qhov ncauj rau ib nrab teev, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso rau hauv lwm cov mucous membrane. Qhov no tsis yog lus tshaj tawm txog kev ncaj ncees- nws yog ib qho kev nyiam huv huv.

Cia peb paub meej: peb tsis tau hais tias txhua yam khoom uas sau tias "silicone" muaj kev nyab xeeb. "Fake silicone" cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov khoom ntim loj tseem muaj nyob. Cov khoom ua si sib deev tseem tsis yog qhov yuav tsum tau tswj hwm hauv ntau lub tebchaws thoob ntiaj teb. FDA tsuas yog tswj hwm cov ntawv qhia meej tias "kev siv kho mob," thiab CPSC tsis muaj cov qauv kev nyab xeeb tshwj xeeb. ISO 3533 kuj yog kev yeem siab - tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua.

Tab sis qhov kev taw qhia yog qhov tseeb.

Cov neeg siv khoom pov npav nrog lawv lub hnab nyiaj-ntau thiab ntau tus neeg nug, "Dab tsi yog cov khoom siv? Nws puas tuaj yeem ua rau boiled?" Cov khoom lag luam tau teb nrog cov ntaub ntawv-platinum vulcanized silicone tau dhau los ntawm "siab-kawg niche" mus rau "tus qauv zoo."

Lub hauv paus kev nyab xeeb no, uas tau pib nrog Duncan hauv qab daus sib tov thoob, tau raug tsa txheej txheej los ntawm ntau thiab ntau tus neeg.

Cia peb rov qab saib qhov xwm txheej ntawd txij li xyoo 1972. Ib tug txiv neej Dub tuag tes tuag taw, hauv qab daus tsis muaj leej twg xav nkag, ua qhov tsis muaj leej twg xav ua. Tsis yog nyiaj- yog tias tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi hauv khw uas ua haujlwm rau nws, nws ua nws tus kheej.

Tsib caug xyoo tom qab, nyob rau hauv ntau -billion duas las thoob ntiaj teb cov khoom ua si sib deev kev lag luam, "kev kho mob- qib platinum- kho silicone" tau los ua qhov zoo. Smitten Kitten tau tshaj tawm "Tsis muaj cov khoom ua si lom." ISO tau tshaj tawm nws thawj tus qauv. Ib tug txiv neej qhov kev sim hauv qab daus tau hloov pauv tus lej hauv qab ntawm tag nrho kev lag luam.

Yog tias koj muaj cov khoom ua si uas tsis muaj qab hau, du silicone uas nyob nrog koj ntev heev - tshuaj xyuas nws kom zoo rau peb vib nas this hmo no.

Nws nyob ntsiag to thiab tsis hais dab tsi.

Tab sis tom qab qhov no yog qhov tawv ncauj ntawm tus txiv neej nrog tus txha nraub qaum uas tsis kam hais tias "tsis nco qab."

Peb tus account tej zaum yuav me me -tab sis cov lus ntiag tug thiab cov lus pom zoo li kev sib tham nrog ib pawg phooj ywg qub. Qee tus qhia lawv cov kev paub dhau los, qee tus pab lwm tus nrog lawv cov kev xaiv teeb meem, thiab qee tus xa duab nug "Puas yog cov khoom no puas yog?" Yog tias koj tseem xav nrhiav qhov chaw uas koj tuaj yeem ntseeg siab tham txog cov ncauj lus no - nyem rau ntawm peb daim duab profile thiab ua raws li peb. Yog tias kuv pom qee yam muaj txiaj ntsig yav tom ntej, kuv tuaj yeem xa mus rau tus neeg xav tau yooj yim.