Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Nickel thiab Chromium Elements raws li lub ntsiab Cheebtsam ntawm Nickel Chromium Hluav taws xob cua sov hlau nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv Alloy

Nickel chromium hluav taws xob cua sov hlau, raws li nws lub npe qhia, yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub kub cua sov uas ua los ntawm cov khoom smelting xws li npib tsib xee thiab chromium hauv ib qho kev faib ua feem. Feem ntau, cov ntsiab lus ntawm Cr keeb yog 15 feem pua ​​​​rau 30 feem pua ​​​​, thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm Ni cov ntsiab lus yog 29 feem pua ​​​​rau 80 feem pua. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov qauv austenitic thiab feem ntau muab faib ua Cr20Ni80, Cr30Ni70, Cr15Ni60, Cr20Ni35, Cr20Ni30, thiab lwm yam. Los ntawm cov saum toj no, nws tuaj yeem pom tias cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv nickel chromium hluav taws xob cua sov xov hlau yog npib tsib xee thiab chromium. Hauv qab no, peb yuav qhia lub luag haujlwm ntawm nickel (Ni) thiab chromium (Cr) cov ntsiab lus hauv nickel chromium hluav taws xob rauv hlau.
1, Lub luag haujlwm ntawm nickel hauv alloys
Nickel ntxiv dag zog rau ferrite thiab refines pearlite nyob rau hauv alloys, nrog rau tag nrho cov nyhuv ntawm nce lub zog thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm plasticity. Feem ntau hais lus, rau cov pa roj carbon tsawg siv hauv cov dov, normalized, los yog annealed lub xeev yam tsis tas yuav tsum tau quenching thiab tempering kev kho mob, ib tug npaum li cas ntawm npib tsib xee tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov alloy yam tsis muaj txo nws cov toughness. Raws li kev txheeb cais, txhua 1 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov npib tsib xee tuaj yeem nce lub zog los ntawm kwv yees li 29.41Pa. Raws li cov ntsiab lus npib tsib xee nce, lub zog tawm los ntawm cov hlau yuav nce nrawm dua li lub zog tensile, yog li qhov sib piv ntawm cov nickel uas muaj hlau tuaj yeem siab dua li cov pa roj carbon zoo tib yam. Nickel tsis tsuas yog txhim kho lub zog ntawm alloys, tab sis kuj muaj kev puas tsuaj tsawg rau toughness, plasticity, thiab lwm yam txheej txheem cov khoom dua li lwm cov ntsiab lus alloy. Rau nruab nrab carbon steel, nickel txo cov pearlite transformation kub thiab ua rau pearlite finer; Vim yog npib tsib xee txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus eutectoid, piv rau carbon steel nrog tib cov ntsiab lus carbon, nws pearlite kom muaj nuj nqis ntau dua, ua rau lub zog ntawm npib tsib xee uas muaj pearlite ferrite steel siab dua li cov pa roj carbon steel nrog tib cov ntsiab lus carbon. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yog tias lub zog ntawm cov hlau zoo ib yam, cov pa roj carbon cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nickel uas muaj cov hlau tuaj yeem raug txo kom tsim nyog, yog li txhim kho lub toughness thiab plasticity ntawm cov hlau. Nickel tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov hlau kom qaug zog thiab txo nws qhov rhiab heev rau qhov tsis zoo. Nickel txo qis qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv ntawm cov hlau, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov hlau tsis tshua muaj kub. Cov hlau uas muaj 3.5 feem pua ​​​​nickel tuaj yeem siv tau ntawm -100 degree, thaum hlau muaj 9 feem pua ​​​​nickel tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm -196 degree . Nickel tsis ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm cov hlau kom nkag mus, yog li nws feem ntau tsis siv los ua lub zog ntxiv rau cov hlau kub.
Lub linear expansion coefficient ntawm cov hlau npib tsib xee alloys nrog cov ntsiab lus nickel siab hloov pauv nrog nce lossis txo cov ntsiab lus nickel. Los ntawm kev siv cov yam ntxwv no, precision alloys, bimetallic cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam nrog tsawg heev los yog tej yam linear expansion coefficients yuav tsim thiab tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, npib tsib xee ntxiv rau cov hlau tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog tiv taus acid, tab sis kuj alkali, thiab muaj corrosion kuj rau cov cua thiab ntsev. Nickel yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv stainless thiab acid resistant steel.
(1) Cov nyhuv ntawm microstructure thiab kev kho cua sov ntawm cov hlau
A. Nickel thiab hlau tuaj yeem muaj kev daws teeb meem tsis kawg. Nickel nthuav dav austenite cheeb tsam ntawm hlau, nce A4 taw tes thiab txo qhov A3 taw tes, thiab yog lub ntsiab alloying caij rau kev tsim thiab stabilizing austenite
B. Nickel thiab carbon tsis tsim carbides
C. Txo cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm eutectoid pearlite. Nws cov nyhuv yog thib ob tsuas yog nitrogen thiab muaj zog tshaj manganese.
(2) Cov nyhuv ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov hlau
A. Txhim kho ferrite thiab refining thiab nce pearlite los txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau nws cov yas
B. Cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm npib tsib xee uas muaj hlau tuaj yeem raug txo kom tsim nyog, yog li txhim kho toughness thiab plasticity
C. Txhim kho qhov qaug zog ntawm cov hlau thiab txo nws qhov rhiab heev rau qhov tsis zoo

D. Chromium feem ntau yog siv hauv cov cuab yeej hlau thiab cov hlau nrawm los txhim kho kev hnav tsis kam, thiab muaj qee yam tempering stability thiab toughness.
E. Chromium nyob rau hauv stainless hlau thiab kub-resistant hlau feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog manganese, nitrogen, npib tsib xee, thiab lwm yam. Thaum tsim austenitic steel, yuav tsum muaj ib tug tej yam kev faib ua feem ntawm chromium nyob rau hauv ruaj khov ferrite thiab manganese, npib tsib xee nyob rau hauv ruaj austenite, xws li Cr18Ni9, thiab lwm yam