Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov khoom siv refractory siv hauv iav kilns

1. Kev yaig
Hmoov, kua iav, thiab nplaim hluav taws kub hauv qhov cub tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntaub ntawv refractory ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Cov nyhuv yaig ntawm cov hmoov ntawm cov khoom siv refractory feem ntau yog tshwm sim hauv kev yaig ntawm cov khoom siv refractory los ntawm alkali vaporated los ntawm cov hmoov ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, xws li yaig ntawm qhov chaw ntawm silica cib, "rat qhov" sab hauv. , thiab cov nyhuv anti nephelinization nyob rau hauv lub checkered cib. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hmoov tshauv ya ntawm ultra-nplua hmoov nyob rau hauv cov hmoov accumulates nyob rau hauv daim phiaj lub cev ntawm lub tshav kub cia chamber, tsim cov qog thiab thaiv cov kab sib chaws qhov. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, daim phiaj cib yuav tawg thiab puas, yuam kev kho cua sov. Cov nyhuv yaig nce nrog qhov kub thiab txias, thiab qhov kub ntawm melting nce los ntawm 50? 60 degree yuav txo lub neej kev pab cuam los ntawm ib xyoos. Cov khoom xws li cov phab ntsa pem hauv ntej, qhov chaw them nyiaj, qhov chaw nyob pem hauv ntej ntawm cov seem melting, phab ntsa pas dej ua ke, lub qhov cub me me, thiab cov kab sib chaws sab saud ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem corroded los ntawm cov hmoov.
Cov nyhuv corrosive ntawm kua iav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv refractory yog me dua li cov hmoov, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv theem ntawm cov iav kua thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv refractory yog complex. Lub khob kua ua ntej dissolves dawb SiO2 nyob rau hauv lub refractory. Lub dissolution tus nqi ntawm mullite yog me me, thiab nws accumulates nyob rau hauv lub interface ntawm iav kua thiab refractory ntaub ntawv. Txawm hais tias cov me me crystalline mullite yaj, cov crystalline mullite loj loj txawm nce thaum siv. Tom qab cov khoom siv refractory yog eroded, SiO2 thiab Al2O3 ntxiv rau cov khoom molten nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog nws. Cov khoom molten yuav diffuse mus rau hauv cov kua iav tas li. Thaum lub sij hawm diffusion txheej txheem, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm molten tshuaj hloov, SiO2 thiab alkali cawv nce, thiab ib tug hloov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub interface - Vim lub aggregation nyhuv ntawm Al2O3 crystals, nyob rau hauv sib cuag nto ntawm lub refractory thiab kua iav, muaj ua ntej. ib txheej ntawm mullite, ua raws li los ntawm ib txheej ntawm mullite - Al2O3 txheej yog ua raws li los ntawm cov khoom tsis corroding refractory. Tom qab lub refractory yog yaj, lub viscosity ntawm cov iav kua nce, txhawb cov tsim ntawm ib tug nyuaj rau tshem tawm kev tiv thaiv txheej nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub refractory, txo cov nyhuv ntawm txuas ntxiv yaig.
Cov nyhuv corrosive ntawm iav kua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv refractory nyob ntawm nws lub cev muaj zog xws li viscosity thiab qhov nro. Iav kua nrog tsis muaj viscosity thiab tsawg ceg nruj yog ib qho yooj yim los soak lub pores refractory, ua rau muaj zog yaig ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv refractory. High alkali iav muaj qis viscosity, thiab borosilicate iav muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj qhov nro, yog li lawv txoj kev txhim kho corrosive yog khaus. Ua kom lub melting kub yuav txo cov viscosity thiab nto nro ntawm cov iav molten, yog li ua kom cov nyhuv yaig. Cov iav ua kua uas muaj boric acid, phosphoric acid, fluorine, aluminium, thiab barium compounds muaj zog corrosive rau cov ntaub ntawv refractory. Muaj zog convection ntawm cov iav ua kua thiab cov kua dej tsis ruaj khov yuav ntxuav tawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv, ua kom muaj corrosion. Rau cov ntaub ntawv refractory lawv tus kheej, cov degree ntawm corrosion yog feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, ntxhia muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab cov qauv hauv lub xeev. Irregularity thiab tawg nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv refractory yuav exacerbate yaig. Cov phab ntsa ntawm lub pas dej ua ke ntawm cov kua dej thiab cov phab ntsa ntawm lub pas dej cib masonry pob qij txha yog nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas muaj kev yaig los ntawm iav kua. Kev yaig ntawm cov pob qij txha kab rov tav yog qhov hnyav dua li cov pob qij txha ntsug, yog li nws yuav tsum tau ua kom cov pob zeb ua kom du, cov pob qij txha masonry me me, thiab tag nrho cov thaiv yuav tsum tau txhim kho.
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas ntawm cov roj hluav taws xob thiab cov roj hnyav (muaj cov roj corrosive xws li so2 thiab V2O5) thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem corrode refractory cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv nplaim taws, qhov cub me me, chav tsev kub, thiab lwm qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv qhov kub siab, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv ntawm lub tsev yuav hnov ​​​​mob rau ib leeg, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj. Piv txwv li, 1600? Thaum 1650 degree, av nplaum cib thiab silica cib yuav hnov ​​​​mob hnyav, siab alumina cib thiab silica cib yuav hnov ​​mob me ntsis, thiab fused zirconia corundum cib thiab silica cib yuav hnov ​​​​mob hnyav, ua rau muaj kev sib tawg loj heev. Lub fused zirconium corundum bricks hnov ​​​​mob nrog quartz cib thiab dawb foamed pob zeb, thaum hnov ​​​​mob nrog corundum cib. Yog li ntawd, corundum cib tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv.
Lub lattice siv nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub cia chamber kuj puas vim qhov kev txiav txim ntawm redox cua. Cov txheej txheem kev puas tsuaj feem ntau yog vim qhov sib txawv valence xeev thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov valence ions sib txawv hauv oxidation thiab txo lub xeev, uas ua rau lub ntim hloov pauv, ua rau txo lub zog thiab tawg ntawm cov khoom.
2. Kub tawm
Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab kub ntev ntev, cov ntaub ntawv refractory tuaj yeem raug puas los ntawm melting (tseem hu ua burning flow) los yog softening thiab deformation. "Yog hais tias ib feem ntawm lub kiln yog overheated hauv zos los yog cov khoom refractory tsis txaus refractory, cov khoom refractory yuav raug hlawv thiab melted." Qee lub sij hawm, yog tias qhov hluav taws kub muaj peev xwm tsim nyog, tab sis qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub qis qis, cov khoom siv refractory tseem yuav muag thiab deform thaum siv mus ntev, cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm tag nrho cov masonry. Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov kub hnyiab yog nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov refractory. Lub cub tawg me me arches, me me cub taws ceg, nplaig, regenerator arches, melter arches, thiab lub mis phab ntsa yog qhov yooj yim rau hlawv.
3. Kev puas tsuaj
Cracking feem ntau tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm ci. Thaum lub sij hawm ci ci, qee qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tshwm sim hauv cov cib refractory, uas ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm txhua yam. Yog tias cov cua kub ceev heev thiab tshaj qhov tso cai qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom siv refractory, cov kab nrib pleb yuav tshwm sim, txawm tias tawg rau hauv cov khoom tawg. Hluav taws xob fused, heev sintered, ntom refractory cov ntaub ntawv * yog yooj yim puas. Ntxiv rau qhov kev ntxhov siab los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, qhov kev nthuav dav lossis kev cog lus los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv lead ua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv refractory kuj ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab. Thaum qhov kub nce siab dhau lawm, cov khoom siv lead ua hloov pauv sai thiab lub ntim hloov ntau dhau, ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau thiab tawg ntawm cov khoom siv refractory. Yog li ntawd, qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau nce raws li qhov predetermined ci nkhaus thaum ci. Tom qab ci, cov ntaub ntawv refractory raug rau qhov kub thiab txias rau lub sijhawm ntev, thiab lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv refractory ntawm qhov kev khiav hauj lwm kub yog qis dua li ntawm chav tsev kub. Yog tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv rau cov khoom siv refractory loj dhau, cov khoom siv refractory yuav raug inelastic deformation (zoo ib yam li cov kua dej khov heev), ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj.
4. Hnav
Thaum cov kua iav ntws los ntawm cov khoom siv refractory, nws muaj cov nyhuv ntawm cov dej ntws los ntawm cov pob zeb, sib tsoo cov khoom siv refractory rau hauv grooves, uas yog cov khoom siv kho mob. Qhov chaw hnav tseem ceeb yog nyob rau qib iav. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj tseem pom tseeb ntawm qhov chaw uas cov kua dej ntws tawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov dej ntws tawm. Thaum cov kua dej hloov pauv thiab cov kua dej hloov pauv (xws li cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias), hnav nce ntxiv.