Dab tsi yog electroplated cadmium rau hluav taws xob cua sov raj
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Dab tsi yog electroplated cadmium rau hluav taws xob cua sov raj
Cov khoom siv tshuaj, tshuaj cim Cd, atomic naj npawb 48, atomic hnyav 112.411, belongs rau lub sij hawm system Ⅱ B pawg. Xyoo 1817, F. Strommel ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees pom cadmium hauv zinc carbonate, KSL Hermann thiab JCH Rolov kuj pom cadmium hauv zinc oxide. Nws lub npe Askiv los ntawm Latin cadmia, lub ntsiab lus smithsonite. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cadmium nyob rau hauv lub crust yog 2 × 10 feem pua -5 feem pua, muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tebchaw nyob rau hauv cov xwm, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cadmium sulfide (CdS), coexisting nrog zinc ore, lead zinc ore, thiab tooj liab. zinc ore. Thaum lub sij hawm flotation, feem ntau ntawm nws nkag mus rau zinc mloog zoo thiab yog enriched nyob rau hauv cov pa luam yeeb thaum roasting. Cadmium muaj nyob rau hauv tooj liab cadmium slag thaum zinc hydrometallurgy.
Cadmium yog cov nyiaj dawb glossy hlau nrog lub melting point ntawm 320.9 degree, boiling point ntawm 765 degree, thiab cov txheeb ze ntom ntawm 8.642. Nws muaj toughness thiab ductility. Cadmium maj mam oxidizes nyob rau hauv cov huab cua ntub thiab poob nws cov xim hlau luster, tsim cov xim av oxide txheej ntawm qhov chaw thaum rhuab. Nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, cadmium reacts hnyav nrog halogens, tsim cadmium halides. Nws tseem tuaj yeem txuas ncaj qha nrog sulfur los tsim cadmium sulfide. Cadmium yog soluble hauv acids, tab sis tsis nyob rau hauv alkalis. Lub xeev oxidation ntawm cadmium yog ntxiv rau 1 thiab ntxiv 2. Lub solubility ntawm cadmium oxide thiab cadmium hydroxide yog tsawg heev, lawv soluble nyob rau hauv acids tab sis tsis nyob rau hauv alkalis. Cadmium tuaj yeem tsim ntau yam kev sib koom tes ions, xws li Cd (NH3), Cd (CN), CdCl, thiab lwm yam. Cadmium yog cov tshuaj lom heev, thiab huab cua thiab zaub mov uas muaj cadmium ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Nyiv tau ntsib "mob mob" vim muaj cadmium lom.
Ntau txoj hauv kev tuaj yeem siv kom tau cov hlau cadmium los ntawm cadmium uas muaj cov pa luam yeeb lossis cadmium slag, xws li cov thee lossis carbon txo lossis sulfuric acid leaching thiab zinc hmoov hloov. Kev lim dej ntxiv tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm electrolytic refining thiab nqus distillation. Cadmium feem ntau yog siv rau electroplating ntawm hlau, hlau, tooj liab, tooj dag, thiab lwm yam hlau, muaj zog corrosion kuj rau alkaline tshuaj. Cadmium tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov roj teeb uas muaj qhov ntim me me thiab muaj peev xwm loj. Cadmium compounds kuj tau siv dav hauv kev tsim cov pigments thiab fluorescent hmoov. Cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, thiab cadmium telluride yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov photocells.
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