Vim li cas 316 Stainless Hlau Sheath Phab Ntsa Thickness hauv qab 1.0 millimeter yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem vuam tshwj xeeb rau Flange Txuas hauv Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob?

Ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob tso cua sov rau kev tsim cov engineers thiab cov kws tshaj lij kev ruaj ntseg yog qhov txuas ntawm mounting flanges rau 316 stainless hlau sheath. Lub vuam faulty tuaj yeem tso cai rau kev nkag mus ntawm cov txheej txheem ua kua, hluav taws xob luv luv, lossis tag nrho cov cua sov sib cais. Vuam txheej txheem rau ib txwm phab ntsa thicknesses ntau tshaj 1.5 hli yog zoo tsim. Vuam ntawm nyias-walled 316 sheaths hauv qab 1.0 mm muab cov teeb meem sib txawv. Qhov qis thermal loj ntawm cov phab ntsa nyias ua rau kom muaj cua sov sai sai - nce thiab hlawv - los ntawm, ntau tshaj cov nplej tsim thiab poob ntawm corrosion kuj. Daim ntawv no piav qhia txog kev ntsuas ntawm cov teeb meem vuam ntawm cov phab ntsa nyias 316 sheaths thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim nyog hloov kho kom ntseeg tau tias cov flange txuas tau zoo.

Thermal Management Issues of Nyias-Wall 316 Vuam
To weld a 316 sheath to a mounting flange the base metal is melted using heat to generate a fusion zone. For a thick-walled sheath (>1.6 hli) lub dab dej kub ntawm cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig tshem tawm cov cua sov los ntawm lub pas dej ua ke thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob kub dhau. Rau ib lub nyias- phab ntsa sheath ntawm tsawg dua 1.0 mm cov nyhuv ntawm lub dab dej kub yog negligible. Tib qhov vuam tam sim no uas yuav tsim kom muaj lub pas dej tswj kav hauv 1.6 hli phab ntsa yuav yaj los ntawm 0.9 hli phab ntsa hauv milliseconds . 316 stainless hlau muaj thermal diffusivity ntawm roughly 4 mm2 / s ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Thaum tshav kub kub conduction los ntawm 0.9 hli thickness yuav siv sij hawm tsuas yog 0.02 vib nas this. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tshwj tsis yog tias cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau raug tswj xyuas zoo rau sab nraub qaum ntawm lub sheath ua tiav qhov melting point xyaum tam sim ntawd tom qab lub arc pib. Burnthrough tsim ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub sheath exposing MgO rwb thaiv tsev thiab kuj hlau. Txawm tias tsis muaj kev hlawv tag nrho- dhau los, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb yuav ua rau cov nplej coarsening nyob rau hauv tshav kub- thaj tsam cuam tshuam. Cov nplej loj rau cov phab ntsa nyias tuaj yeem yog ASTM 7-8 (20-30 microns) txog ASTM 2-3 (100-150 microns). Chromium carbides nyiam precipitate ntawm coarse grain ciam teb uas txo cov neeg kho tshuab lub zog thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, corrosion kuj ntawm 316 nyob rau hauv chloride tej yam kev mob.

Cov txheej txheem vuam rau nyias phab ntsa 316 sheaths hloov xav tau
Yuav kom ua tau zoo welding 0.8-1.0 hli 316 sheath rau lub mounting flange tsib kev hloov kho rau cov roj tungsten arc vuam txheej txheem yuav tsum tau. Lub vuam tam sim no yuav tsum tau qis dua 40-60% ua ntej piv rau txoj kev ntawm 1.6 hli phab ntsa thickness. Cov tam sim no rau 1.6mm 316 yog 60-80 amperes; rau 0.9mm qhov ntau yog txo rau 25-35 amperes. Qhov thib ob, koj xav tau ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob tam sim no. Ib qho keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm 20-30% yog siv, thiab cov pulses nyob ntawm 50-100 Hz, tso cai rau lub pas dej ua ke kom txias me ntsis ntawm pulses kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov. Thib peb, kev mus ncig ceev yuav tsum tau nce mus rau 200-300 mm ib feeb li piv rau 100-150 mm ib feeb rau cov phab ntsa tuab. Nrog kev ceev dua qhov kub tsawg yog muab tso rau hauv ib chav tsev ntev. Plaub, kev siv lub tungsten electrode ntawm me txoj kab uas hla, 1.0 hli los yog 1.6 hli es tsis yog 2.4 hli, tsub kom arc stability ntawm tsawg tam sim no. Qhov thib tsib thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov khoom siv roj rov qab yuav tsum tau muab tso rau sab hauv ntawm lub plhaub. Thaum lub sij hawm vuam, txoj kev ntawm argon mus rau sab hauv ntawm lub sheath zam oxidation ntawm lub rear sab thiab muaj ib co cua txias. Tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa roj, sab hauv sab hauv yog nthuav tawm thiab feem ntau oxidised, tawm hauv ib txheej ntxhib, chromium-depleted txheej uas ua rau corrosion.

Yam tsawg kawg nkaus phab ntsa Thickness nrog cov txheej txheem vuam sib txawv
Cov lus hauv qab no qhia qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov phab ntsa thicknesses rau 316 rau ntau yam flange txuas weld txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam rau txhua qhov. Qhov tseem ceeb yog rau tag nrho kev nkag mus rau weld rau txhua yam muaj zog.

Vuam txheej txheem yam tsawg kawg nkaus 316 Sheath Phab ntsa Thickness rau qhov zoo sib xws Vuam yuav tsum tau txheej txheem hloov Cov nqi sib txheeb|Txheem Weld Zoo
GTAW (standard), phau ntawv 1.2 mm1.2 mm Tsis muaj; tsis qhia hauv qab no Zoo ntawm 1.2 mm Low
Phau ntawv GTAW (pulsed) 0.9 mm Back gas Lower amps Pulsed currentModerate; xav tau tus neeg ua haujlwm kws tshaj lij Low to Moderate
Automated GTAW (pulsed) 0.8 mm Cov txheej txheem kom tsim nyog: Nruab Nrab Zoo nrog kev teeb tsa raug
Laser welding 0.6 hli Qhov tseeb haum-nce, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv, beam alignment tseem ceeb Low heat inputExcellent;
Electron beam vuam 0.5 hli Vacuum chamber xav tau Zoo heev; tsis muaj oxidation siab heev
Resistance vuam (projection) 0.8 hli Projection ntawm flanges tshwj xeeb tsim Zoo rau me me diameters qis rau nruab nrab
Brazing (tsis welding) 0.5 hli Nyiaj los yog npib tsib xee raws li muab tub lim Lub zog Muaj zog; tsis yog rau siab siab Low
Feem ntau cov kev lag luam hluav taws xob immersion rhaub daim ntaub ntawv yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws welded nrog sheaths nrog phab ntsa thicknesses ntawm 0.9 hli thiab 1.2 hli. Automated pulsed GTAW nrog cov roj rov qab yog cov txheej txheem feem ntau. Rau<0.9 mm, laser welding is the most reliable, although the capital equipment cost is much higher. For flanged heaters, manufacturers without laser welding capabilities shall provide a minimum wall thickness of 1.0 mm to assure weld reliability.

Nyias-Wall Welds: Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Tsim Nyog Kev Tsim Nyog
Kev soj ntsuam kom ntxaws ntxiv yog xav tau rau nyias- phab ntsa 316 sheaths dua li cov tuab - phab ntsa welds vim tias tsis muaj chaw rau qhov yuam kev. Rau sheaths hauv qab 1.2 hli, kev soj ntsuam pom tsis txaus. Kev tshuaj ntsuam radiographic lossis dye penetrant tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov qauv. Qhov zaus yuav tsum yog nyob ntawm qhov ntim ntau lawm thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv thov. Rau sheaths me dua 1.0 hli, 100% dye penetrant kuaj yog qhia. Kev lees txais cov qauv rau nyias- phab ntsa welds yuav tsum tso cai rau qee qhov qis me me (txog 10% ntawm phab ntsa tuab), tab sis tsis muaj kab nrib pleb, porosity > 0.2 mm txoj kab uas hla, los yog hlawv- dhau. Tag nrho cov nyias- cov phab ntsa welded sib dhos tsim los siv rau hauv kev ua haujlwm siab yuav tsum raug kuaj los ntawm helium. Lub vuam zoo muaj qhov xau tsawg dua 1 x 10-7 mbar·L / sec. Yog hais tias lub rhaub yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv ib tug corrosive cua, ces ib tug ferrite kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm weld hlau yog pom zoo. Cov ntsiab lus ferrite> 5% qhia tau tias muaj peev xwm xaiv corrosion hauv kev pabcuam chloride. Rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws corrosion kuj, weld hlau ferrite concentration rau 316 mus rau 316 welds yuav tsum nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 2% mus rau 5%. Hauv kev qhia txog nyias- phab ntsa sheaths, engineers yuav tsum thov cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog cov txheej txheem weld los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom uas qhia cross-section micrographs ntawm qhov nkag mus rau profile, grain loj ntawm tshav kub- thaj tsam cuam tshuam, thiab tsis muaj pov thawj ntawm kev kub hnyiab- los ntawm. Yog tias tus neeg muag khoom tsis txaus siab los muab cov ntaub ntawv no, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob tso siab rau muab cov cua sov rau phab ntsa. Tus nqi ntawm requalifying ib tug welding txoj kev yog tsawg heev piv rau cov nqi ntawm cov teb tsis ua hauj lwm vim weld tawg los yog leaks.